We propose an efficient high-optical-saturation-power electroabsorption modulator (EAM) using intra-step-barrier quantum wells (IQWs) incorporating a step-barrier inside the well for both the conduction and the valence bands. From the simulation, we show that in the IQW (a) the onset of the redshift of the quantum-confined Stark effect is delayed to a higher electric field; and after the onset, (b) the transition energy and the oscillator strength respond sharply to the electric field. As the screening effect by the photogenerated carriers is reduced at the higher electric field, the optical saturation effect in the IQWs can be significantly reduced. Due to the higher optical power handling capability and better modulation efficiency, the EAM with IQWs is expected to substantially improve the fiber link performance.
Efficient frequency conversion into and out of the millimeter wave frequency band has been demonstrated using photonic link signal mixing with cascaded optical modulators. By adjusting the modulator bias point and KF drive power to the modulator introducing the local oscillator signal at f~o = 8.8 GHz, frequency conversions from f 5 to LO d= fs. 2f1>0 i fs. and 1 f~o i fs with respective losses of 4.8, 6.3, and 7.5 dB have been demonstrated. The direct phase noise measurement of the optical RF signal at 2f1,o : 17.6 GHz with 1 kHz offset shows -89 dBc/Hz, limited by the RF drive source.
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