Ultrahigh-speed traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator-design and analysis

Li, G.L.; Sun, Chen; Pappert, S.A.; Chen, W.X.; Yu, Paul K. L.

doi:10.1109/22.775455

Cited by 116 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The traveling-wave design requires matching with 50 and matching with the optical group velocity index (3.4-3.6 for InP and GaAs optical waveguides). From (2), we know that this requires the inductance of the unloaded line to be designed as (3) Combining with (1), this is equivalent to the requirement of (4) Equation (2) also indicates that the capacitance of the loaded line should be (5) Combining with (1), we can derive (6) This analysis indicates that simultaneous impedance matching and velocity matching can be achieved if the unloaded transmission line and the capacitive loading are designed to satisfy the (4) and (6). For loading the same amount of total capacitance, larger is desirable to keep the device shorter, which can reduce the optical loss and enhance the modulation bandwidth.…”

Section: Analytical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For traveling-wave polymer MZMs, a microstrip transmission lines provide excellent velocity-matching condition since the polymer material has almost the same dielectric constant at the microwave frequencies and at the optical frequencies [9], [10]. For traveling-wave EAMs, low-impedance matching is required, but velocity matching is not so important since the device is usually very short [3]- [6]. One common aspect for the previously mentioned three types of traveling-wave designs is that the modulations in the optical waveguides are continuous, with the optical waveguides being part of the dielectric material of the transmission lines.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Segmented Traveling-Wave Optical Modulators

Mason

2004

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-A simple and comprehensive modeling approach is developed for analyzing the frequency response of segmented traveling-wave optical modulators. The approach is based on the microwave transmission (ABCD) matrix theory. The case study for a GaAs traveling-wave Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) verifies this analysis approach with excellent agreement to the reported experimental results; the analyses for the quantum-well-based MZMs and electroabsorption modulators indicate that the segmented traveling-wave design can provide much better bandwidth than the lumped-element or the continuous-traveling-wave counterparts, with a few decibels penalty in the electrical-to-optical (E/O) conversion gain if low-loss optical waveguides are available. Meandered transmission line design, which provides more design freedom, is also analyzed using this modeling approach.Index Terms-Electroabsorption (EA), high-speed optical modulation, loaded line, Mach-Zehnder, segmented traveling-wave modulators, slow-wave transmission line, wide bandwidth.

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Section: Analytical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of Segmented Traveling-Wave Optical Modulators

Mason

2004

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…For example, 30-dB/V peak modulation efficiency, 1-Vpp (Volt peak-to-peak) driving voltage for error-free 10-Gb/s operation, and 14-dBm optical saturation power have been reported on a 300-µm-long InGaAsP-based TW-EAM [13]. Theoretically, the bandwidth and the useful device length of TW-EAM are only limited by the microwave loss and the velocity mismatch between the lightwave and the microwave, and both determine how long the lightwave can be effectively modulated by the microwave driving signal [16], [17]. Another limiting factor is the increase of optical scattering loss with device length, which can degrade the insertion loss of TW-EAM.…”

Section: Tw Eams and Their Unique Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The low impedance of the active waveguide originates from the tradeoff between the junction capacitance with several critical device parameters such as optical and microwave losses as well as the driving voltage [16]. Low impedance terminations in the range of 12 Ω to 35 Ω are required to optimize the bandwidth.…”

Section: Tw Eams and Their Unique Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Speed OTDM and WDM Networks Using Traveling-Wave Electroabsorption Modulators

Chou

Bowers

2007

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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Abstract-We describe the design and performance of a number of elements based on traveling-wave electroabsorption modulators (TW-EAMs) in optical time-division-multiplexing (OTDM) and wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) networks. The incorporation of traveling-wave (TW) electrode design into electroabsorption modulators (EAMs) relieves the resistance-capacitance (RC) bandwidth limitation common to lumped components, enabling higher operation speed without shortening the device. As a result, high-speed operation can be combined with essential modulator characteristics such as modulation efficiency and extinction ratio. While significant modulation bandwidth has been achieved, a lesser known aspect is that the TW electrode also provides an extra dimension for improving and enabling functionalities beyond broadband modulation. This new dimension originates from the distributed effect of the TW design and its interactions with distinctive EAM properties. This paper reviews such developments in recent years with specific applications for optical signal processing in OTDM and WDM networks. The covered functionalities include various optical gating operations for OTDM, regenerative wavelength conversions for WDM, and clock recovery.Index Terms-Clock recovery, electroabsorption, optical signal processing, optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM), travelingwave (TW), wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM).

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“…Distributed behavior is achieved in a wellknown class of devices, traveling-wave devices ͑traveling-wave electroabsorption modulators, traveling-wave waveguide detectors, etc.͒, though in those cases, it is more of an inductive-capacitive ͑LC͒ form, with propagating waves. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] In this paper, we present another class of devices that rely on distributed RC behavior via diffusive conduction for high-speed optical switching: diffusive conductive switches. [22][23][24][25] These devices completely eliminate the lumped RC limitation and thus operate much faster than their lumped counterparts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optoelectronic switches based on diffusive conduction

Demir

Köklü

Yairi

et al. 2006

Journal of Applied Physics

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We study the process of diffusive conduction that we use in our optoelectronic switches to achieve rapid optical switching ͑on a picosecond time scale͒. We present the characteristic Green's function of the diffusive conduction derived for arbitrary initial conditions. We also report the series solutions of the diffusive conduction obtained for different boundary conditions ͑V = 0 and ٌV = 0 along the device contact lines͒ in different device geometries ͑rectangular and circular mesas͒. Using these analytical results, we investigate the effect of boundary conditions on the switching operation and the steady state behavior in optical links. We demonstrate the feasibility of using such diffusive conductive optoelectronic switches to establish optical links in return-to-zero and non-return-to-zero coding schemes. For multichannel optical switching, we discuss possible use of a single optoelectronic switch to accommodate multiple channels at once, with Ͼ100 optical channels ͑with a 2000 mm −2 channel density and Ͻ10% cross-talk͒, predicted on a 300ϫ 300 m 2 mesa with a device switching bandwidth of Ͼ50 GHz, leading to a 5 Tb/ s aggregate transmission in principle. This approach of using multiple parallel channels on a single switch is completely opposite to the traditional idea of arraying many switches. This proposed scheme eliminates the need for on-chip switch integration and the need for the alignment of the optical channels to the integrated individual switches.

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Ultrahigh-speed traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator-design and analysis

Cited by 116 publications

References 15 publications

Analysis of Segmented Traveling-Wave Optical Modulators

Analysis of Segmented Traveling-Wave Optical Modulators

High-Speed OTDM and WDM Networks Using Traveling-Wave Electroabsorption Modulators

Optoelectronic switches based on diffusive conduction

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