A field trial was carried out to study the effect of pre planting soil biofumigation with air-dried powders of harvesting residues (leaves) of artichoke, cauliflower, sugar beet, table beet, taro and turnip) and waste residues of oyster mushroom cultivation (applied at 300g/m 2), comparing to the chemical nematicide fosthiazate 10%G (Nemathorin ®) applied at 12.5 kg/feddan for the management of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on tomato plants cv. Alisa. All treatments greatly managed M. incognita infection on tomato plants. Numbers of root galls, nematode egg masses, final population (Pf) and reproduction factor (Rf) in all treatments were significantly reduced as compared to control plants (infected with nematode only). Treatment with fosthiazate 10% provided the maximum reduction (91.47%) of nematode infection on tomato plants, followed by treatments with leaf powders of taro (90.49%), turnip (84.95%), artichoke (82.72%), table beet (81.37%), cauliflower (79.23%), and sugar beet (76.98%). Treatment with waste residues of oyster mushroom cultivation recorded the minimum reduction (67.93%). On the other hand, all treatments significantly increased growth criteria of tomato plants comparing to the control ones. The increase of total fresh weight was ranged between 69.4-223.7% and fruit yield per plant was considerably increased by 134.3-709.9%. It seems that soil biofumigation with plant residues studied herein may consider a promising and economic strategy in managing root-knot nematode infection on tomato plants, particularly in programs of non chemical control practiced in organic farming.
A 4 x 4 diallel cross with reciprocals was performed among four cultivars of broad bean (Vicia faba, L.), i.e., two Spanish cultivars named Luz de otono and Reina mora, one local cultivar called Giza planka, and a selected line, cv. (Sabaaty). The four parents and their 12 F1 hybrids and reciprocal crosses were evaluated in a field experiment designed in a randomized complete block with 3 replicates. This investigation was carried out during the winter seasons of
The macromorphological characters and lamina vein architecture were examined by the aid of stero microscope. In addition, molecular study using SCoT markers were made on 26 species belonging to 15 genera of family Myrtaceae (nine genera belonging to subfamily Leptospermoideae and six genera belonging to subfamily Myrtoideae) to evaluate such characters in taxa delimitation. The taxa were collected from Mazhar Botanical Garden, Al-Baragil, Giza, Egypt. The obtained results revealed that, all studied taxa of Myrtaceae are distinguished by a combination of the following features: simple leaves with entire margin and glandular -punctate or pellucid leaves, while the leaf arrangement, lamina shape, apex and base showed great variation among them. Pinnate simple brochidodromous leaf venation is the most common, although other patterns were also recorded viz. cladodromous, eucamptodromous and craspedodromous. The irregular reticulate tertiary and quaternary vein fabric, presence or absence of an intramarginal vein were frequently observed. Eight SCoT primers were established to assess the genetic diversity between the studied taxa. The total number of amplified fragments was 125 from which 119 were polymorphic, and six were monomorphic. The total number of specific markers produced were 19 one of them scored for the absence of the band while the other 18 markers recorded for the presence of unique band. Only ten taxa revealed specific markers. Seven primers produced specific markers with largest number generated by primer SCoT 5 (six markers) and the lowest number generated by SCoT 2 and SCoT 5 (one marker for each), while primer SCoT 4 didn't reveal any specific markers. The obtained results were analyzed numerically (by PAST4 software) to construct three dendrograms; the leaf morphological based characters, the molecular based analysis and combined one. The combined data resulted dendrogram grouped all the 13-studied berry fruited Myrtoideae with seven capsular fruited Leptospermoideae, while the remaining five capsular fruited taxa grouped together. The combined and the morphological-based dendrograms recommend the maintenance of two subfamilies based on fruit type, despite both dendrograms showed deviation from the original system based on morphology.
The present study was carried out during the two successive summer seasons of 2008 and 2009 at Sabahia Horticultural Research Station, Alexandria, Egypt. This investigation aimed to evaluate five genotypes of okra for their edible pods and seed yields as well as fruit post harvest quality. It was found that Alexandria 1 cultivar gave the highest mean values for edible pod length, number of early edible pods/plant, and total edible pod yield (kg/fed). Alexandria 2 cultivar had the highest mean values for early edible pod yield (kg/fed). Line 1 gave the highest mean values for number of mature pods/ plant; in addition, it was significantly equal to Alexandria 1 cultivar regarding pod length, and Alexandria 2 cultivar concerning weight of 100 seeds. Line2 exhibited the highest mean values for total number of edible pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, and total seed yield (kg/fed). Line 3 showed the highest mean values for edible pod weight, but, it gave the lowest percentage of dry matter in edible pods comparing with the other genotypes. Pod color of Alexandria 1 cultivar was light green. But, it was dark green in lines 1 and 3, and medium green in Alexandria 2 cultivar and line 2. The storage period had significant effects on all chemical traits of okra pods. Total carbohydrate percentage decreased as the period of storage was prolonged. Significant losses were incident after 3 and 6 days of storage. In addition, the significant difference was recorded after 3 days of storage regarding dry matter percentage, where it decreased in all genotypes except for line 2. Meanwhile, contents of crude fibers in okra pods increased as the period of storage was prolonged till 6 days then decreased after 9 days. Also, total crude protein content of okra pods increased as the period of storage was prolonged. Significant increase was incident after 9 days of storage.
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