Management of the Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on Tomato Plants by Pre-Planting Soil Biofumigation with Harvesting Residues of Some Winter Crops and Waste Residues of Oyster Mushroom Cultivation under Field Conditions Amr A.

Abstract

A field trial was carried out to study the effect of pre planting soil biofumigation with air-dried powders of harvesting residues (leaves) of artichoke, cauliflower, sugar beet, table beet, taro and turnip) and waste residues of oyster mushroom cultivation (applied at 300g/m 2), comparing to the chemical nematicide fosthiazate 10%G (Nemathorin ®) applied at 12.5 kg/feddan for the management of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on tomato plants cv. Alisa. All treatments greatly managed M. incognita infection on tomato plants. Numbers of root galls, nematode egg masses, final population (Pf) and reproduction factor (Rf) in all treatments were significantly reduced as compared to control plants (infected with nematode only). Treatment with fosthiazate 10% provided the maximum reduction (91.47%) of nematode infection on tomato plants, followed by treatments with leaf powders of taro (90.49%), turnip (84.95%), artichoke (82.72%), table beet (81.37%), cauliflower (79.23%), and sugar beet (76.98%). Treatment with waste residues of oyster mushroom cultivation recorded the minimum reduction (67.93%). On the other hand, all treatments significantly increased growth criteria of tomato plants comparing to the control ones. The increase of total fresh weight was ranged between 69.4-223.7% and fruit yield per plant was considerably increased by 134.3-709.9%. It seems that soil biofumigation with plant residues studied herein may consider a promising and economic strategy in managing root-knot nematode infection on tomato plants, particularly in programs of non chemical control practiced in organic farming.

Potential of aqueous extracts of basidiomycetes to control root-knot nematodes on lettuce

“…Marino & Silva (2013), evaluating isolates of P. ostreatus containing coconut powder to control M. incognita on lettuce, verified reduction of number of galls and egg masses up to 90%. Similarly, other authors tested different substrates for soil biofumigation in biological control of M. incognita on tomato crop and showed that residue of P. ostreatus reduced in 70% nematode population density (El-Sherbiny & Awd-Allah, 2014), as observed in this study.…”

Potential of Pleurotus sajor-caju compost for controlling Meloidogyne incognita and improve nutritional status of tomato plants

“…Whereas, the signi icantly lowest value of fruit yield/plant was recorded with the untreated plant in both seasons. Many authors greatly supported our indings [19,26,59,69]. They found that MC was effective as soil amendments for improving tomato growth performance and fruit yield.…”

“…In addition, El-Sherbiny and Awd Allah, et al [19] showed that treatment with waste residues of P. ostreatus cultivation as pre-planting soil biofumigants reduced M. incognita galls, egg masses, inal population and reproduction factor on susceptible tomato plants under ield condition and considerably increased fruit yield.…”

“…The nematode management in ecofriendly sustainable agricultural systems includes using organic residues as lowinput materials in agriculture system which is considered as an economical solution for the environmental problem resulting from the disposal of organic waste materials, as well as enhancing soil structure and increase water holding capacity [13][14][15][16]. Numerous succeed trials have been made to apply non chemical methods to manage root-knot nematode, M. incognita infecting tomato plants by adding uncomposted materials or mushroom compost prior to planting in nematode-infested soil [17][18][19][20].…”

Untitled

“…The application of these materials done in composted or not composted form with the soil [10]. Linford et al [11] considered the first scientist who described the using of organic amendments to control pests, since then many reviews have focused on the use of organic amendments to control plantparasitic nematodes [12][13][14].…”