Two field experiments were conducted during late summer seasons of 2015-2016 at the Agric. Res. Station, Veg. Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, in El-Arish, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt. The aim of this work was to study the effect of three tomato hybrids (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.); i.e. one local "Eyeon" hybrid as well as two foreign hybrid (Alisa and GS-12) and two sources of organic fertilization each at 120 and 150 Kg N fed -1 (Chicken manure "ChM" and Cow manure) under sandy soil condition and high saline water with drip irrigation system. The treatments were arranged randomly in a split-plot design arrangement in randomized complete block design, in three replications where the three tomato hybrids were randomly arranged in the main plots, the two sources of organic fertilization were randomly distributed in sub plots. The results showed that, all growth parameters, (roots, leaves, and stems, as well as clusters fresh weight and both total fresh and dry weight) gave the highest values under "Eyeon" hybrid plantation and application of high rate (150 Kg N fed -1 ) from ChM followed by "GS-12" with the same of fertilization treatment. Yield and its components for early and total yield results showed that planting of local "Eyeon" hybrid with application the high rate of 150 kg Nfed -1 from ChM recorded the best values for yield characters i.e., number of fruits and fruit weight for grades A and B (g plant -1 and ton fed -1 ) as well as early and total yield for grade (A+B ton fed -1 .) compared to other treatments, in both seasons.Regarding to the fruit quality, the obtained results showed that fertilization of local "Eyeon" hybrid by ChM at the rate of 150 Kg N fed -1 recorded the highest values for pH, V.C, T.S.S in tomato fruit juice as well as fruit firmness and dry matter content in tomato fruits. The Local "Eyeon" hybrid was more responses to the high rate (150 Kg N fed -1 from ChM). For that it can recommend by cultivation the local "Eyeon" hybrid in North Sinai which it was more superior for produce high fruit yield with best quality when fertilized with chicken manure at the rate of 150 Kg N fed -1 under the condition of saline water irrigation compared with using the foreign tomato hybrids either Alisa or GS-12 which it is import from abroad.
Two field experiments were conducted during winter seasons of 2014-15 and 2015-16 at the Agric. Res. Station, Veg. Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, in El-Arish, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt. The aim of this investigation to study the effect of two sowing dates (15 th October., and 15 th November), two irrigation treatments (100% for water requirements for pea , which is 2100 m 3 distributed through the growth stage to irrigation every day and irrigated every two days by half of these requirements) and five fertilization treatments (100% NPK from recommended dose as control, Cow manure, and Compost at rates of 10 and 20 m 3 per fed. from each) on Sementi Pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivar growth and yield under sandy soil condition with drip irrigation system. The treatments were arranged randomly in a split-split -plot design, in three replications where the two sowing dates were randomly arranged in the main plots, two irrigation intervals were randomly distributed in sub plots., and five fertilization treatments were allotted in sub sub plots. The results showed that the highest values of all growth parameters; i.e., plant height, number of branches, number of leaves as well as the fresh and dry weight of pea plants, recorded at the first sowing date (15 th October) and irrigation every day with addition of compost at the rate of 20 m 3 or 10 m 3 per fed. Followed by sowing in the same date and the irrigation every two days with addition of compost at the rate of 20 m 3 per fed. The results indicated that the first sowing date (15 th October) of pea plants with irrigation every day or every two days and adding organic fertilizer from compost at the rate of 20 m 3 per fed recorded the highest values of number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod length, and yield per plant as well as total yield per fed. Followed by planting in the same date with irrigation every day and adding of compost fertilization at the rate of 10 m 3 per fed. Also, the results showed that the highest values for leaf content of photosynthetic pigments as well as the seed content of N P K and protein were obtained from sowing on 15 th October and irrigation each day with adding compost fertilizer at the rate of 20 and 10 m 3 / fed. Followed by sowing on the same date with irrigation every two days and adding 20 m 3 of compost /fed. Regard to the water relations, resulted indicated that, irrigation of pea plants every two days during the different stages of growth reduced the total yield by 17.29 -17.06 % , and saving about 2.86 -3.09 % of (IWR) in the two growing seasons, respectively. In addition, increasing all investigated organic fertilizer rates with lowering of amount water irrigation led to water saving more than 24%. Among these results, it is clear that the highest value of water use efficiency (5.96 and 6.40 kg/m -3 ) in the first and second season, respectively was obtained with application of the doubled amount compost ( 20 m 3 per fed.) with irrigation every two days under sandy soil condition in Nort...
This study aimed to assess the levels of contamination by pesticide residues in several types of vegetables collected from different regions in Egypt. A total of 100 samples of vegetables (pepper, tomato, cucumber, and strawberry) were collected from markets in five cities (Al-Obour, Al-Salheia El-Gadida, Giza, Zagazig, and Fayed) and analyzed for the presence of 42 different pesticide residues. The Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method was used to extract the target pesticides, which were then quantified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) techniques. The results showed that 72% of the vegetable samples contained detectable levels of pesticide residues, with 21% exceeding the European Union Maximum Residue Levels (EU-MRLs) and 51% containing residues below the MRLs. The detected residues were primarily insecticides (56.4%) and fungicides (43.6%), with tomato and strawberry samples showing the highest frequency of both types of pesticides. Tomato also had the highest absolute intake from consumption (2.89 g/kg BW/day), followed by strawberries, peppers, and cucumbers (0.47, 0.159, and 0.096 g/kg BW/day, respectively). A hazard index (HI) was used to assess the dietary risk posed by the pesticide residues, with tomato having the highest contribution value. These findings highlight the need for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs to reduce the excessive use of pesticides, particularly in relation to raw food commodities. Action is required to minimize the unacceptable risks identified in this study.
The study was carried out to investigate the effect of using color shade nets and organic mulch on improvement microclimate, growth, yield, and its components and fruit quality of yellow sweet pepper cv. Yellow Star F1 under high temperature. The study was conducted at El- Arish Agriculture Research Station, Agric. Res. Center, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt, during the summer seasons of 2018 and 2019. The results indicated that application of color shade nets modified microclimate around pepper plants where decreased average monthly of air temperature and light intensity; however, increased air relative humidity compared with unshaded. On the other hand, using black, green, and white shade nets combined with dry vegetable residues mulch followed by barley straw mulch reflected the lowest soil temperature at depths 10 and 20 cm in both growing seasons. Also, the results showed that using green shade nets followed by black shade nets combined with dry vegetable residues or barley straw mulches recorded the highest values for a fresh and dry weight of pepper plant organs. Besides, the highest contents of Chlorophyll b in leaves and vitamin C in fruit juice were obtained when covered by green nets combined with dry vegetable residues mulch in both seasons. Also, results revealed that the interaction between shading of yellow fruit pepper plants by black and green color nets with dry vegetable residues mulch significantly increase average fruit weight and total fruit yield for marketable yield compared to the open field without mulching in the first and second season. For that, it is recommended using of shade color nets (Black and green) with organic mulch (dry vegetable residues mulch and/or barley straw mulch) under high-temperature regions for modifying microclimate conditions of pepper plants and soil to improve growth, productivity, and fruit quality traits.
Present study was designed to evaluate the performance of newly developed tomato advance genotypes and to investigate their yield stability across a range of environments over two consecutive years. Ten genotypes (8 new promising lines and two check cvs were grown at five different environments. in a randomized complete block design with three replications to determine the Phenotypic and genotypic stability.
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