To measure patients' QOL in the daily practice of clinical oncology, we developed and tested the Care Notebook. This instrument has 24 questions expressed in single words or short phrases to make it more acceptable to patients. The Care Notebook, EORTC QLQ-C30 and FACIT-Sp-12 were administered to 249 outpatients with cancer. Construct validity was investigated by cluster analysis and multitrait scaling analysis. The results showed that three scales (physical well-being, mental well-being, and life well-being) could explain 55% of the variance in scores. The life well-being scale could be divided into subscales of Daily Functioning, Social Functioning, and Subjective QOL. Multitrait scaling analysis confirmed convergent and discriminant validity of these scales and subscales. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were favorable. Differences in Care Notebook scores were also consistent with differences in performance status rating (known-groups validity), and Care Notebook scores correlated with EORTC QLQ-C30 and FACT-Sp-12 scores (concurrent validity). The Care Notebook allows clinical oncologists to easily collect valid and reliable QOL information of physical, mental, and life well-being repeatedly and with minimal burden on patients.
This article confirms the advantage of fan-out (FO) packaging in the electrical performance of power delivery among integrated circuit (IC) chips with the best use of land side capacitors (LSCs). On-chip in-place waveform measurements quantitatively evaluate the integrity of powering and signaling within FO wafer level packaging (FOWLP) multiple chip module (MCM) demonstrators, where a pair of IC chips are assembled with LSCs with different sizes and structures. The IC chip incorporates an array of 12 digital cores and on-chip waveform monitor (OCM) circuits. Each digital core consists of a low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) transceiver channel that is backed by a static random access memory (SRAM)-based builtin self test (BIST) module and supplied by an on-chip voltage regulator module (VRM). The LSCs are placed on the bottom side of an FO interposer and inserted between the output of VRM and the ground plane almost ideally with the shortest length of physical traces. A Si membrane capacitor of 10 nF sustains the lowest power line impedance over the frequency range of 2.0 GHz more constantly than a multilayer ceramic counterpart, and attenuates the high-order harmonic frequency components to the clocking frequency at 750 MHz. The leverage of LSCs in powering also improves signaling and helps achieve the wider eye openings in LVDS channels. The implications are elaborated for the capacitor selections with respect to the physical types of capacitors, the size of capacitances, and the level of shares in power delivery among digital cores, all toward the higher level of integrity in powering and signaling in FOWLP MCMs.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.