Background: In recent years, there is an escalation of menstrual disorders in both developing and developed countries. One of the important factors that contribute to menstrual disorders is body fat content. In developing countries like Indonesia, young women in certain cultures get married at average age of 16 years. At the same time, the number of malnourishment among adolescent is increasing. This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and menstrual cycle in senior high school students. Methods: This study included 330 girls ages 15−17. This study was conducted in Jatinangor, Sumedang from the period of August-October 2013 using a cross-sectional study. Questionnaires assessing their menstruation and their weight and height were collected after obtaining the respondents consent.The collected data were analyzed using the independent T-test. Results: Most of the respondents had normal BMI, menstrual interval, amount and duration. There was no relationship between BMI and menstrual interval and menstrual amount (0.74 and 0.878 respectively), however there was relationship between BMI and menstrual period (p= 0.036). Conclusions: Menstrual abnormalities among female adolescents are common. Based on this study, BMI seems to be moderately associated with menstrual cycle, especially with menstrual period, although a possibility still remains that body fat affects the menstruation superiorly.

Background Multiple blood transfusions in thalassemia patientslead to iron overload in bone tissue. Iron overload can bedetermined by serum ferritin measurement. Several studies haveevaluated association between serum ferritin level and growth,but without bone age examination.Objective To determine the association between age and serumferritin level with bone age in children with thalassemia major.Methods This study was conducted at Hasan Sadikin HospitalBandung during March-May 2007. We performed physicalexamination, serum feritin measurement, and bone ageexamination. Data were analyzed with x 2 to determine associationbetween variables. The association between age and serum ferritinlevel with bone age deficit was analyzed with regression logisticmodel.Results Subjects consisted of 49 patients with thalassemia major.All subjects had bone age deficit. Most boys were in age group of>10 years and had bone age difference >36 months, while mostgirls were <10 years and had bone age difference <36 months.Subjects with bone age difference <36 months mostly had serumferritin level <5,000 ng/dL, while most subjects with bone agedifference >36 months had serum ferritin level =5,000 ng/dL.This was statistically significant (x 2 =4.573, P=0.032). There wasassociation between age and bone age deficit (OR=13.461, 95%CI 3.199;56.640), but not with serum ferritin level (OR= 2.199,95% CI 0.532;9.095).Conclusion In thalassemic children, bone age deficit is associatedwith age, but not with serum feritin level.

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Background: The decline of age at menarche has been reported in several countries, it occurred because of genetic, ethnic, and socioeconomic improvement in nutritional status and environment. The improvement of nutritional status has occurred globally all over the world including in Indonesia. One of the measuring tools in nutritional status is body mass index (BMI). The objective of the study was to assess the correlation between BMI and age at menarche. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among girls aged 9-15 years old in Jatinangor, from May-November 2013. The sample of this study was chosen with cluster random sampling. Age at menarche information was collected through a questionnaire. Body mass index was calculated from measurement of body weight and height. Data was analyzed using Spearman correlation test. Results: Out of three hundred and sixty nine subjects participating in this study, sixty seven were included in the inclusive criteria. According to the classification of BMI of underweight, normal, overweight, and obese, there were 1, 55, 8, and 3 persons, respectively. Mean of BMI was 19.04 and mean age at menarche was 12.72 years, which showed a non significant result (r=-0.013; p= 0.458). Conclusions: Age at menarche was not correlated with BMI. [AMJ.2015;2(4):

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common disease found all over the world, including Indonesia. The DM often found in pediatric patients is DM Type 1. The DM patients with uncontrolled blood glucose will likely suffer multiple organ damage, most notably to the kidneys, eyes, heart, and nerves. To help monitor blood glucose levels, lab checkups such as fasting blood glucose, 2 hours postprandial, and Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) levels are done. The aim of this study was to determine the profile of blood glucose and HbA1C in pediatric patients with DM Type 1. Methods: The study was held in August to October 2014, using descriptive method and cross sectional design. Data were obtained from 28 medical records of DM Type 1 patients in the Department of Child Health at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. The variables of this study were blood glucose level and HbA1 in three consecutive examinations. The collected data was presented in tables. Results: The patients were 19 female and 9 male, most of the patients aged between 11-15 years old. Data reported that on first, second, and third examination, most subjects had both fasting blood glucose and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose levels over 180 mg/dl. On first and second HbA1c checkup, most subjects had values over 10%, and on third checkup had results ranging from 8 to 9.9%. Conclusions: Most patients are girls and aged between 11-15 years old. The most have uncontrolled blood glucoselevel and HbA1c levels.

ABSTRAKSeng banyak berperan dalam berbagai aktivitas biologik penting. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan kadar seng plasma yang rendah pada penderita thalassemia mayor anak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan jumlah darah transfusi, pemberian deferoksamin, dan status gizi dengan kadar seng plasma penderita thalassemia mayor anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross-sectional dengan subjek penelitian penderita thalassemia mayor berusia kurang dari 14 tahun yang berobat jalan di Poliklinik Thalassemia Anak RS Hasan Sadikin Bandung selama bulan Mei-Juni 2008. Dilakukan penghitungan jumlah darah transfusi, pemberian deferoksamin dibedakan antara optimal-tidak optimal, status gizi dibedakan menjadi gizi baik-gizi kurang. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji korelasi Pearson dan uji Chi square, dengan interval kepercayaan 95%. Didapatkan 57 subjek terdiri dari 29 anak laki-laki dan 28 anak perempuan berusia antara 2 tahun 1 bulan dan 13 tahun 9 bulan. Kadar seng plasma berkisar antara 42 dan 91 g/dL (68,65;11,68) dan jumlah darah transfusi berkisar antara 1.680 dan 45.700 mL (17.913,25;10.404,18). Uji korelasi Pearson menunjukkan hubungan antara jumlah darah transfusi dan kadar seng plasma dinyatakan dengan r=-0,189; p=0,0795. Uji Chi square tentang hubungan pemberian deferoksamin dan 2 2 status gizi dengan kadar seng plasma dinyatakan dengan x =0,073; p=0,786 dan x =0,468; p=0,494. Kesimpulan: Jumlah darah transfusi, pemberian deferoksamin, dan status gizi tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kadar seng plasma pada penderita thalassemia mayor anak.Kata kunci: Thalassemia mayor, darah tranfusi, deferoksamin, status gizi, seng plasma CORRELATION THE AMOUNT OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION, DEFEROXAMINE USAGE, AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS WITH PLASMA ZINC LEVEL IN PEDIATRIC MAJOR THALASSEMIA ABSTRACTRoles of zinc have been known in many important biologic activities. Previous studies found that there were low plasma zinc level in children with major thalassemia. The aim of this study was to determinate correlation the amount of blood transfusion, deferoxamine usage and nutrition status with plasma zinc level in pediatric major thalassemia. The cross-sectional study was conducted from Mei to June 2008 at Clinic of Pediatric Thalassemia Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung with subjects below 14 years. The amount of blood transfusion was calculated, deferoxamine usage was divided into optimal and non-optimal, nutritional status was classified into well-nourished and undernourished. Statistical analysis were performed with Pearson correlation test and Chi square test, with 95% confidence interval. The amount of 57 subjects consisted of 29 boys and 28 girls, ages ranged from 2 years 1 month to 13 years 9 months. The plasma zinc levels ranged from 42 to 91 g/dL (68.65; 11.68) and the amount of blood transfusion ranged from 1,680 to 45,700 mL (17,913.25; 10,404.18). The Pearson correlation test which showed the correlation between plasma zinc level and the amount of blood transfusion was stated by r=-0.189; p=0.0795. Ch...

Background: Dysmenorrhea is a common female reproductive problem in women of active reproductive age which is characterized by menstrual pain or cramps in a women's lower abdomen or back. Dysmenorrhea can be classified into primary and secondary. One of the associated risk factor of primary dysmenorrhoea is the family history, however the study on the family history of primary dysmenorrhea with recurrent menstrual pain is limited. This study was conducted to identify the correlation between family history and primary dysmenorrhea in high school girls. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at several senior high schools in Jatinangor from April− June 2013. One hundred and sixty two students were included in this study. The sample size was calculated based on the unpaired−dichotomous variable for the two−sided formula. A self administered questionnaire was distributed to the senior high school girl students who were in their menarche age, menstrual cycle characteristics, presence or absence of dysmenorrhea, severity of pain and presence dysmenorrhea in mothers and in sisters were inquired. Data were analyzed using chi square test. Results: Overall, there were association between positive family history and primary dysmenorrhea among the students with (p<0.001). The prevalence of dysmenorrhea in the students was 92.6% with 95% confidence interval which was 87.5−95.7%. The prevalence rate was 67.9% in mothers with 95% confidence interval which is 60.4−74.6% and 80.2% prevalence of primary dysmenorrhoea in sisters with 95% confidence interval which is 73.4−85.6%. Conclusions: There is a significant association between positive family history and primary dysmenorrhea.

Background: Menarche is a sign of maturity of the female reproductive function. It is influenced by many factors, such as heredity, general health status, nutrition, and socioeconomic status. The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation of heredity and menarcheal age. Methods:This study was a cross-sectional analytic study conducted from September-October 2014 in Bandung using a multi-stage sampling technique and it was conducted in twelve elementary schools and junior high schools. A total of 123 subjects were included in this study. The instrument of this study was questionnaire containing menarcheal age of subject, older sister, biological mother, and maternal grandmother. The data were analyzed using Spearman correlation and linear regression test with the level of significance was determined at p<0.05. Results: Among 123 data, the majority of subjects had experienced menarche at the age of 11 (39%) and 12 years (36.6%) with an average of 11.46 years old. Based on the Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression tests, there was a correlation between heredity and menarcheal age. (P=0.00). Conclusions: There is a correlation between heredity and menarcheal age, with the highest correlation is between subject's and older sister's menarcheal age.