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Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) possesses unique electronic and optical properties in visible-light-driven production of H2O2. However, bulk g-C3N4 suffers from inefficient sunlight absorption and low carrier mobility. Herein, the P...

To improve the efficiency of network, virtualization has developed by sharing the same physical network's resources for different users and applications. As one of the substrate networks, elastic optical network (EON) is expected to be used for the virtualization due to its flexibility and effectiveness. In this letter, we propose a virtual network mapping algorithm called resource and load aware algorithm based on ant colony optimization (RL-ACO), which considers the load jointly with spectrum continuity and spectrum contiguity during the node mapping stage. The variation of node availability rank is defined in the process of link mapping which helps to decrease the blocking ratio of virtual network requests. Simulation results show that RL-ACO not only reduces the blocking probability and the occupied frequency slots, but also balances the link load.

Bioleaching has been proven to be an efficient and environment-friendly method for processing metalliferous ore and waste printed circuit boards (PCBs), a type of urban mine waste. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play a major role in the attachment of bacteria to the surface of sulfide minerals. However, there are few reports on the effects of EPS components on the bioleaching of metals from PCBs. In this study, synthetic EPS were used to investigate the effects of the composition of exo-polymers on the bioleaching of copper from waste PCBs, including the process efficiency. The copper extraction rate in bioleaching assays with synthetic EPS was 11.7% greater than in those without synthetic EPS. Moreover, the composition of EPS was proven to be a crucial factor affecting the efficiency of copper bioleaching, with EPS containing arginine yielding the highest recovery (95.2% copper). Under the condition of 0.5 g/L synthetic EPS added at the early stage of log phase, the copper leaching efficiency from waste PCBs was highly improved. This study provides important insights into how to analyze the working mechanisms of EPS for a better recovery efficiency.