Ionizing radiation results in extensive damage to biological systems. The massive amount of ionizing radiation from nuclear accidents, radiation therapy (RT), space exploration, and the nuclear battlefield leads to damage to biological systems. Radiation injuries, such as inflammation, fibrosis, and atrophy, are characterized by genomic instability, apoptosis, necrosis, and oncogenic transformation, mediated by the activation or inhibition of specific signaling pathways. Exposure of tumors or normal cells to different doses of ionizing radiation could lead to the generation of free radical species, which can release signal mediators and lead to harmful effects. Although previous FDA-approved agents effectively mitigate radiation-associated toxicities, their use is limited due to their high cellular toxicities. Preclinical and clinical findings reveal that phytochemicals derived from plants that exhibit potent antioxidant activities efficiently target several signaling pathways. This review examined the prospective roles played by some phytochemicals in altering signal pathways associated with radiation response.
Background:
The current outbreak of respiratory disease due to SARS-CoV-2 has received global attention, and recent studies show various limitations, including treatment. Phytomedicine has played a prominent role in the treatment and prevention of various epidemic and pandemic diseases.
Objective:
Here, we attempt to focus on a safe and feasible approach for Thuja occidentalis to manage and alleviate the panic of respiratory viral infection infections including COVID-19 by strengthening an individual’s immunity. The relevant information was collected from the web-based databases Pubmed, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE as well as internet sources.
Conclusion:
As an important phytomedicine and king of antipsychotics, T. occidentalis possesses a plethora of immunological properties that not only can be used effectively in the management of respiratory viral infection infections, but also have the potential to prevent the further progression of the disease. Importantly, this is only part of the approach to treatment for the current outbreak that should be considered along with other measures.
Rapid global modernization, urbanization, industrialization, and frequent natural processes release toxic heavy metals into the environment such as mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and selenium (Se). In the present scenario, soil and water ecosystems are the main environmental alarms. The remediation of contaminated soils and water ecosystems with appropriate approaches is urgently needed. Physical remediation strategies are conventional, expensive, and nonspecific. Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly and fast-growing approach that are accomplished because of uptake of large quantities of toxic heavy metals from the environment. Since, plants are slow-growing and have low biomass that urgently needs to be bioengineered for high biomass. On the other hand, biotechnology helps to identify and isolate the specific gene coding for heavy metal resistance tolerance in plants. Moreover, molecular cloning and the manifestation of heavy metal accumulator genes and degrading enzyme coding genes displayed enhanced remediation rates, which will make the process for large-scale application to remediate faster contamination soils and water. This review has prominence on biotechnological methods and strategies for remediation of heavy metals and metalloid containment from environments. Furthermore, it focuses on the improvements and implications of phytoremediation as well as their operations and applications to clean up toxic pollutants from environments and to improve phytoremediation efficiency to tolerate different heavy metal pollutants highlights future challenges.
Bioactive lipids, presumably lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), play a critical role in regulating an array of cellular functions ranging from cellular fate determination, inflammation, immunity, and cancer. Epidemiological evidence suggests that both the metabolites play a prominent role in the development and progression of oncogenic phenotype in a variety of cancers including breast, colorectal, pancreatic, and lymphoma. Previous studies have demonstrated the possible association of LPA, S1P and their receptor in regulating the pathogenesis of retinoblastoma, however, the exact mechanism involved in this event has not been studied in detail. Importantly, understating the mechanistic basis of LPA and S1P regulation is of utmost significance, as far the phenotypical complexity of retinoblastoma (RB) is concerned. Findings from the recent investigations elucidate the prospective role of S1P in provoking the chemoresistant behavior of RB cells for etoposide. In this context, the current paper will enable the identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for better treatment and clinical efficacy in children with RB.
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