Estudo da presença de fatores de riscos intrínsecos para quedas, em idosos institucionalizados Study of intrinsic risk factors for falls in institutionalized elderly peopleResumo Esta

Health literacy, a more complex concept than knowledge, is a required capacity to obtain, understand, integrate and act on health information [1], in order to enhance individual and community health, which is defined by different levels, according to the autonomy and personal capacitation in decision making [2]. Medium levels of Health literacy in an adolescent population were found in a study conducted in 2013/2014, being higher in sexual and reproductive health and lower in substance use. It was also noticed that the higher levels of health literacy were in the area adolescents refer to have receipt more health information. The health literacy competence with higher scores was communication skills, and the lower scores were in the capacity to analyze factors that influence health. Higher levels were also found in younger teenagers, but in a higher school level, confirming the importance of health education in these age and development stage. Adolescents seek more information in health professionals and parents, being friends more valued as a source information in older adolescents, which enhance the importance of peer education mainly in older adolescents [3]. As a set of competences based on knowledge, health literacy should be developed through education interventions, encompassing the cultural and social context of individuals, since the society, culture and education system where the individual is inserted can define the way the development and enforcement of the health literacy competences [4]. The valued sources of information should be taken into account, as well as needs of information in some topics referred by adolescents in an efficient health education. Schizophrenia is a serious and chronic mental illness which has a profound effect on the health and well-being related with the well-known nature of psychotic symptoms. The exercise has the potential to improve the life of people with schizophrenia improving physical health and alleviating psychiatric symptoms. However, most people with schizophrenia remains sedentary and lack of access to exercise programs are barriers to achieve health benefits. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of exercise on I) the type of intervention in mental health, II) in salivary levels of alpha-amylase and cortisol and serum levels of S100B and BDNF, and on III) the quality of life and selfperception of the physical domain of people with schizophrenia. The sample consisted of 31 females in long-term institutions in the Casa de Saúde Rainha Santa Isabel, with age between 25 and 63, and with diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). Physical fitness was assessed by the six-minute walk distance test (6MWD). Biological variables were determined by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Psychological variables were assessed using SF-36, PSPP-SCV, RSES and SWLS tests. Walking exercise has a positive impact on physical fitness (6MWD -p = 0.001) and physical components of the psychological test...

OBJETIVO: Analisar a evolução de aspectos multidimensionais da saúde de idosos institucionalizados no município de Goiânia no seguimento de dois anos. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo clínico observacional longitudinal prospectivo. Duas avaliações foram realizadas com intervalo de dois anos, em 59 idosos residentes em instituições de longa permanência, no município de Goiânia, estado de Goiás, Brasil. Foram utilizados instrumentos padronizados, envolvendo diferentes dimensões como aspectos sócio-demográficos, condições de saúde-doença, aspectos psicoemocionais e habilidades funcionais. Para a comparação dos aspectos da saúde nos dois momentos de avaliação, utilizou-se o teste McNemar e de homogeneidade marginal, por meio do software SPSS® versão 10.0 com valor de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Houve declínio da saúde nos seguintes aspectos: ocorrência de acidente vascular cerebral (p = 0,031), outras doenças (p = 0,031), dificuldade motora em membros superiores (p = 0,007), uso de antidepressivos (p = 0,039), diminuição no número de independências para atividades de vida diária (p = 0,017), com destaque para higiene pessoal (p = 0,031). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo evidenciam as áreas de vulnerabilidade dos idosos institucionalizados em Goiânia e a necessidade de ações efetivas na promoção e manutenção da saúde.

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and factors associated with falls in a nationally representative sample of older Brazilians residing in urban areas.METHODS Data from 4,174 participants (60 years or older) from the baseline of ELSI-Brazil, conducted between 2015 and 2016, were used. The outcome variable was the reporting of one or more falls in the last 12 months. The exploratory variables were sociodemographic characteristics, factors related to the urban environment, and health conditions. Statistical analysis was performed using Poisson regression.RESULTS The prevalence of falls was 25.1%. Of these, 1.8% resulted in a hip or femur fracture and, among them, 31.8% required surgery for prosthesis placement. Statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) with falls were observed for females [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.26], age group of 75 years or older (PR = 1.21), fear of falling due to defective sidewalks (PR = 1.47), fear of crossing streets (PR = 1.22), diabetes (PR = 1.17), arthritis or rheumatism (PR = 1.29), and depression (PR = 1.53). No significant associations were found for educational level, marital status, hypertension, and perception of violence in the neighborhood.CONCLUSIONS The factors associated with falls among older adults are multidimensional, comprising individual characteristics and the urban environment, which indicates the need for intra and intersectoral actions to prevent falls in this population.

Resumo Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de doenças musculoesqueléticas autorreferidas por idosos segundo variáveis demográficas, dor, autoavaliação de saúde e quedas. Métodos Estudo transversal, de base populacional, com amostra probabilística de 934 idosos residentes em Goiânia, em Goiás. Aplicou-se um questionário padronizado e semiestruturado. Considerou-se doença musculoesquelética autorreferida pelo idoso como variável desfecho, enquanto as variáveis de exposição foram demográficas, autoavaliação de saúde, quedas, dor e atividade física. Para análise, foram utilizados os testes qui-quadrado ou Fisher e regressão de Poisson (valor de p<0,05). Resultados Dos 934 idosos, 62,2% eram mulheres, com média de 71,4 anos (±8,3). A prevalência de doenças musculoesqueléticas foi de 39,1% (IC95% 35,9-42,3), sendo as mais frequentes: osteoporose (24,6%), artrose (2,9%), reumatismo (1,2%) e artrite (0,6%). A prevalência foi superior nas mulheres (44,7%; p=0,000); faixa etária ≥80 anos (44,7%; p=0,002); autoavaliação de saúde ruim (55,9%; p=0,000); relato de dor (43,4%; p=0,001). Não houve associação entre doenças musculoesqueléticas e quedas (p=0,671) e sedentarismo (p=0,167). Conclusão Observaram-se elevada prevalência de doenças musculoesqueléticas nos idosos de elevada faixa etária e associação com autoavaliação de saúde ruim e relato de dor, o que sugere intervenções no controle das condições de saúde gerais.