Objective: Approved versions of the SF-36 Version 1.0 are used for limited-English-speaking individuals whose primary languages are Korean, Chinese, and Spanish to test the respective translations for use among immigrants to the United States. Method: Surveys are completed by an older adult and a nominated adult family caregiver (N = 132). Results: Adequate internal consistency and validity are found for Chinese and Spanish with the exception of the Social Functioning (Spanish) and Vitality (Chinese) Scales. The Korean version has reliability and validity issues. Comparisons are made with English language norms and studies that use translations in Spanish and Chinese. No comparative data for Korean Americans are found. Recommendations are made for reading reports of and using SF-36 translations. Conclusion: Paying attention to options in use of translations of the SF-36 in Chinese and Spanish improves the relevance of findings to research and practice.

ResumenLas aguas ácidas de minas tienen una considerable diversidad de microorganismos eucariontes, entre ellos hongos y protistas; en particular, poco se conoce sobre la diversidad de levaduras en drenajes ácidos de minas peruanas. En el presente estudio se aisló y caracterizó la levadura 1MA9, mediante la amplificación y secuenciación del LSU D1/D2 del gen rRNA 26S. La cepa 1MA9 se identificó molecularmente como Pichia guillermondi, ésta presentó una resistencia alta a Mn 2+ (>400 mM), intermedia a iones Zn 2+ y Co 2+ (400-600 mM), pero fue sensible a iones Cu 2+ . Este trabajo representa el primer reporte de levaduras en ambientes acuáticos ácidos proveniente de minas peruanas.Palabras claves: Pichia guilliermondii, LSU D1/D2, agua ácida de mina (AMD), resistencia a metales, levaduras. AbstractMicrobe eukaryotes like fungi and protista are common in the drainage of mines. Few information is known on microbial diversity of acid drainages of Peruvian mines. In this work we isolated and characterized the 1M9 yeast. We utilized LSU D1/D2 of the 26S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic analyses to characterize the diversity the yeast 1MA9 isolated. The strain 1MA9 was closely related to the Pichia guilliermondii. The yeast showed high resistance to Mn 2+ (>400 mM), intermediate to ions Zn 2+ and Co 2+ (400-600 mM), but sensible to ions Cu 2+ . This work provides the first data on yeasts from an aquatic acid environment of Peruvian mines.Keywords: Pichia guilliermondii, LSU D1/D2, acid mine drainage, Heavy metals resistance, yeast. IntroducciónEn las zonas mineras podemos encontrar las denominadas aguas ácidas (pH<3), las que contienen comunidades microbianas quimiolitotróficas que obtienen su energía de la oxidación de la pirita (FeS 2 ) y producen H 2 SO 4 , convirtiendo al medio en extremadamente ácido. Además, estas aguas están asociadas a una alta concentración de metales, donde están presentes diversas comunidades de acidófilos extremos, entre ellas las levaduras. Pichia guilliermondii es una levadura con un estado vegetativo conocido como teleomorfo y habitan en ambientes terrestres y acuáticos (Russo et al., 2006), y poco se conoce sobre su diversidad en aguas ácidas de minas (AMD).El empleo de técnicas convencionales como las pruebas microbiológicas de asimilación de carbono, de compuestos nitrogenados y requerimientos vitamínicos, son comunmente usadas para la identificación de levaduras, pero éstas no siempre son precisas ni reproducibles, y suelen llevar a datos inespecíficos debido a que las características morfológicas y fisiológicas están fuertemente influenciadas por las condiciones de cultivo. Es por ello, que en la actualidad el empleo de técnicas moleculares tales como análisis de microsatélites, el polimorfismo de longitud del DNA mitocondrial, el polimorfismo de longitud de los fragmentos de restricción del RNA ribosomal y el análisis de RNA de bajo peso molecular entre otros (Orberán, 2004), son la combinación de exactitud, rapidez y factibilidad que hacen de ellas herramientas ideales en la identi...

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RESUMENSe colectaron 4 muestras de sedimentos tanto del fondo como de la ori lla de la playa «Marbella» Callao y 4 muestras de tierra ag rfcola a nivel de rízósfera obtenidas de un vi ñedo de la localidad d «Gra ci a Pra do » en la Provincia de Chincha, lea . Se determinó la de nsida d poblacional d microorganismos heterotróficos con actividad quitinolítica presentes en estos ambientes, y se describi sus pri ncipales características fenotrpicas _ Para la cuantificación de las poblaciones se empleó el mé todo del Número Más Probable (NMP) . Los tubos con crec imiento positivo fueron sem brados en placa con Agar Qu it ina Granulada y Agar Quitina Coloida l que fueron incubadas a tempe ratura ambienta hasta por dos semanas. Con las colon ias desarrolladas se realizaron las pruebas de Oxidación/Fer mentación de Glucosa, Oxidasa, Catalasa, motilidad, presencia de flagelo, capac idad tintoreal al GRAM producción de esporas y actividad quitinolítica semicuantítativa. Se elaboraron fe nogramas con el pro grama NTSYS v.1 ,7. La mayor densidad de bacterias quitinolíticas fue encontrada en la rizósfera alcan zan do ni veles ~1 ,6 x 10 5 en tanto que en sedimentos marinos la densidad osciló entre 2,2 x 10 2 a 1,6 10' NMP/g. Luego del análisis de agrupam iento de los fenotipos mostrados por los consorcios estudia dos , se encontró que presentaban características distintivas, exhibiendo ambas una gran diversida lenotípica.Palabras clave: consorcios qui tin olfticos , sedimento marino , rizósl ra , microorganismo heterotró ficos, lenograma. ABSTRACTFour samples 01 silts were collected from the bottom and lhe bank 01 the beach "Marbella" in Calla and lour samples 01 cu ltívated land were taken al level of rhizosphere obtained lro m a vineyard 0 "Grocio Prado" Grassland's town in the Country 01 Chincha. The microbial heterotrophics population with chiti nolytic activity present in Ihese environments was determined quanti tatively, being describe its main phen otypic characteristics. For the quantification 01 the popu lations lhe method 01 the Mos Probabl e Number (NMP) was used. The tu bes with positive growth were sowed in tubes with Granulate Chitin Agar and Colloidal Chitin Agar that were incubated al environme ntal temperature lar two weeks With the developed colon ies the followlng tests were carried out: Oxidation/Fermentatian 01 Glucose Oxidase, Catalase, motility, presence 01 flage ll um , tintoreal capacity, productian 01 spores an semiq uantitative ch iti nolytic activity. The phenograms were elaborated wilh the NTSYS v.1 ,7 prog ram The biggest densily of chitinolytic bacteria was found in rhlzasphere reach ing levels 01 ~1 ,6 x 1OS, a long as in marine silts the density oscillaled among 2,2 x 10 2 to 1,6 x 10· NMP/g. After the analysis 0 clustering of th e phenotypes shown by the studied consortia it was lound tha! they presented distinctiv characteristic, exhi biting both 01 them a great phenotypic diversity.

Thirty strains 01 V. cholerae 01 Ogawa and 2 Inaba, isolated during the outbreak 01 studied in relation to thier sensibility in Iront 01 10 antibiotics 01 clinical use. Nine strains were (28.1 %) resistant to 1 up to 6 antibiotics. The SDS-PAGE 01 the studied strains exhibited si 01 bands.

Aim: The study's aim was to ascertain how much parents and therapists agree about therapy outcome. Method: We contacted 50 recently helped families using postal questionnaires including a 7-item outcome scale derived from MAISY data system. We used a weighted kappa test to compare parents and therapists views. Results: Response rate was 63.8%. Observed agreement was 73%, and expected agreement 54%, producing a kappa of 0.42 consistent with moderate parent-therapist agreement. Discussion: Results are consistent with parents and therapists having similar perceptions of therapy outcome. It is important to monitor parental and professional views and the extent to which they coincide.

Highlights The complete genome sequence of Shewanella algae strain 2NE11 was recovered and characterized. Phenotypic characterization including growth conditions and decolorization rate under various types of dyes were evaluated. A variety of genes associated with decolorization, metal resistance, carbohydrate metabolism and CRISPR-Cas system were identified. Two genomic islands were identified harboring genes related to metabolic processes and horizontal gene transfer suggesting their role of the strain in environmental adaptations. Due to its phenotypic and genomic features, S. algae 2NE11 could be used in efficient biotechnological bioremediation operations.