Molecular characterization and antifungal susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans strains collected from a single institution in Lima, Peru

Béjar, Vilma; Tello, Mercedes; García, Ruth Illada; Guevara, Jose M.; Gonzales, Sofia; Vergaray, Germán; Valencia, Esther; Abanto, E.; Ortega‐Loayza, Alex G.; Hagen, Ferry; Gutiérrez, Ericson L.

doi:10.1016/j.riam.2014.01.005

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Clinical and environmental isolates of C. neoformans and C. gattii from multiple countries demonstrate low rates of resistance and overall susceptibility to agents such as fluconazole, amphotericin, [68][69][70] and the newer azoles, voriconazole and posaconazole. The echinocandins have poor activity in intro against Cryptococcus and should not be used for therapy.…”

Section: Antifungal Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Cryptococcosis

Chang

Sorrell

Chen

2015

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

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Inhalation of Cryptococcus into the respiratory system is the main route of acquisition of human infection, yet pulmonary cryptococcosis goes mostly unrecognized by many clinicians. This delay in diagnosis, or misdiagnosis, of lung infections is due in part to frequently subtle clinical manifestations such as a subacute or chronic cough, a broad differential of diagnostic possibilities for associated pulmonary masses (cryptococcomas) and, on occasion, negative respiratory tract cultures. Hematogenous dissemination from the lung can result in protean manifestations, the most severe of which is meningoencephalitis. There are few clinical studies of pulmonary cryptococcosis and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. The main purpose of this review is to describe the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of pulmonary cryptococcosis to increase clinician's awareness of this diagnostic possibility and to enhance clinical management. Useful pointers to the approach and management of pulmonary cryptococcosis and the implications of disseminated disease are included, together with recommendations for future research.

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Section: Antifungal Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Cryptococcosis

Chang

Sorrell

Chen

2015

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

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“…2013) , Ecuador ( Sánches et al 2017) , Guatemala ( Meyer et al 2003) , Honduras ( Boekhout et al. 2001) , Mexico ( Meyer et al 2003 , Olivares et al 2009 , Firacative et al 2016 , González et al 2016) , Paraguay ( Firacative et al 2016) , Peru ( Meyer et al 2003 , Bejar et al 2015) , Uruguay ( Engelthaler et al 2014) and Venezuela ( Calvo et al 2001 , Meyer et al 2003 , Firacative et al 2016 , Ferrara et al 2017) . *From Bolivia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Haiti, Nicaragua, and Panama there is not data reported about the molecular type of cryptococcal strains.…”

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confidence: 99%

The status of cryptococcosis in Latin America

Firacative

Lizarazo

Illnait-Zaragozí

et al. 2018

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening fungal infection caused by the encapsulated yeasts Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii, acquired from the environment. In Latin America, as occurring worldwide, C. neoformans causes more than 90% of the cases of cryptococcosis, affecting predominantly patients with HIV, while C. gattii generally affects otherwise healthy individuals. In this region, cryptococcal meningitis is the most common presentation, with amphotericin B and fluconazole being the antifungal drugs of choice. Avian droppings are the predominant environmental reservoir of C. neoformans, while C. gattii is associated with several arboreal species. Importantly, C. gattii has a high prevalence in Latin America and has been proposed to be the likely origin of some C. gattii populations in North America. Thus, in the recent years, significant progress has been made with the study of the basic biology and laboratory identification of cryptococcal strains, in understanding their ecology, population genetics, host-pathogen interactions, and the clinical epidemiology of this important mycosis in Latin America.

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“…Until now, only few C. neoformans isolates from Peru have been characterized molecularly. In one study, 32 isolates were genotyped by amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) fingerprinting, although no correlation of the Peruvian isolates with others from other countries was established, as this technique only determines the molecular type of the isolates [9]. Another study assessed, by MLST, the genetic diversity of 48 isolates recovered from 20 patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptococcus neoformans Causing Meningoencephalitis in Adults and a Child from Lima, Peru: Genotypic Diversity and Antifungal Susceptibility

Firacative

Zuluaga-Puerto

Guevara

2022

JoF

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Cryptococcosis, caused predominantly by Cryptococcus neoformans, is a potentially fatal, opportunistic infection that commonly affects the central nervous system of immunocompromised patients. Globally, this mycosis is responsible for almost 20% of AIDS-related deaths, and in countries like Peru, its incidence remains high, mostly due to the annual increase in new cases of HIV infection. This study aimed to establish the genotypic diversity and antifungal susceptibility of C. neoformans isolates causing meningoencephalitis in 25 adults and a 9-year-old girl with HIV and other risk factors from Lima, Peru. To identify the genotype of the isolates, multilocus sequence typing was applied, and to establish the susceptibility of the isolates to six antifungals, a YeastOne® broth microdilution was used. From the isolates, 19 were identified as molecular type VNI, and seven as VNII, grouped in eight and three sequence types, respectively, which shows that the studied population was highly diverse. Most isolates were susceptible to all antifungals tested. However, VNI isolates were less susceptible to fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole than VNII isolates (p < 0.05). This study contributes data on the molecular epidemiology and the antifungal susceptibility profile of the most common etiological agent of cryptococcosis, highlighting a pediatric case, something which is rare among cryptococcal infection.

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Molecular characterization and antifungal susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans strains collected from a single institution in Lima, Peru

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Pulmonary Cryptococcosis

Pulmonary Cryptococcosis

The status of cryptococcosis in Latin America

Cryptococcus neoformans Causing Meningoencephalitis in Adults and a Child from Lima, Peru: Genotypic Diversity and Antifungal Susceptibility

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