Background: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are commonly implicated in urinary tract infections accounting for majority of the antimicrobial resistance encountered in hospitals.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae among patients in Anyigba, Nigeria.
Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted using urine samples from 200 patients of Grimmard Catholic hospital and Maria Goretti hospital. Urine samples were processed to identify ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneu- moniae using standard microbiological techniques. Isolates were then tested against antimicrobial agents.
Results: A total of 156 bacterial isolates were recovered consisting 128 of E. coli and 28 of K. pneumoniae. Extended spec- trum beta-lactamases production was observed in 69% of E. coli and 31% of K. pneumoniae. These pathogens were resistant to 3 or more antibiotics. Of the antimicrobials tested, cefotaxime demonstrated the highest rates of resistance (100%) for both ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Fifty-four isolates of ESBL-producing E. coli showed a high level of resist- ance to amoxicillin clavulanic acid (83.3%), ciprofloxacin (83.3%), and ceftazidime (79.6%). ESBL-positive K. pneumoniae iso- lates were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin (75%), and amoxicillin clavulanic acid (83.3%). Cefoxitin (62.5%) and gentamicin (66.7%) showed substantially higher rates of resistance against these isolates while all 24 strains were resistant to imipenem.
Conclusion: This study indicated the prevalence of ESBL-positive Gram-negative pathogens in these study sites and also demonstrated their resistance to a few antibiotics. This highlights the need for new antimicrobials that are potent and im- proved policy on use of antibiotics.
Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; ESBLs; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Anyigba.
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Antimicrobial susceptibility of commensal Escherichia coli (E. coli) from faecal samples of white Fulani cattle (Bos indicus) was determined in Anyigba, Kogi state. Sixty (60) faecal samples were collected from four Fulani settlements between February 2012 and July 2013. E. coli from faecal samples was isolated and identified using standard microbiological and biochemical methods. Isolates were tested with 6 antimicrobials drugs commonly used in the treatment of human and veterinary infections by disk diffusion technique. Of these isolates 8.5% were sensitive to all the antibiotics. Azithromycin had the highest (76.6%) resistance, while cefuroxime and tetracycline were 51.1% and 40.4% respectively. Resistance to Ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin/clauvulanic acid was however low (10.6% and 17.0%). The study further revealed that 31.9% of the isolates were resistant to more than 3 antibiotics. The prevalence of co-resistance of azithromycin with Cefuroxime and Tetracycline was 46.7% among the multidrug resistant isolates. Strict hygienic measures are imperative in slaughter and processing of beef to avoid transmission of these antimicrobial resistant bacteria to food. Farmers using cow dung as organic manure should be enlightened on adequate measures of composting and decontamination to prevent the spread of these antibiotic resistant bacteria to farm produce, human and animals.
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