The aim of this study was to analyse the variations and structure of seaweed farming household incomes; to quantify the income coming from various income sources and to analyse the efficiency of seaweed farming. The study was conducted in the village of Bungin Permai, South Konawe from July to September 2016 using structured interviews. In total there were 96 household respondents involved. Income structures and strategies were analysed descriptively, while the amount of income was determined using income analysis. The results showed that most respondents worked in the fisheries sector as seaweed farmers (n=75; 77%) and also as fishermen. The average income generated by seaweed farming households was IDR. 29,154,121 annually; the income from seaweed farming was IDR. 10,556,724 annually, while the income obtained from non-fishing activities was IDR. 11,071,875 annually. The respondents generated additional income by catching crabs, fishing using traps and anchored lift nets (bagan). When all the depreciated assets (e.g. ropes, floats, and traditional boats) were included in the expenses, the mean C/R (cost-to-revenue) value of seaweed farming was 1.88. The lowest R/C was 0.96 while the highest was 21.04. Those R/C values mean that seaweed faming in Bungin Permai was generally efficient and profitable.
Two methods, tissue culture, and mass selection are generally used to improve the quality of the seedlings of the red algae K. alvarezii. Mass selection is relatively new to be adapted to the Indonesian seaweed farming. In this study we attempted to cultivate the seaweed for 10 months (February-November 2013) in Bungin Permai coastal waters, South Konawe, Indonesia. Cultivation was performed for 30 days of each cycle, using long-line method. Each rope contained had distance between clumps of 15-, 20-, 25- and 30-cm. The selection was carried out until 9th generation. The results showed that the daily growth rates (DGRs) among treatments were found to vary and tended to have seasonal variation. Minimum DGRs occurred in October while the maximum was in April/May. The DGRs range was from 3.81±1.80%/day to 8.32±1.12%/day while mean annual DGRs of 15-, 20-, 25- and 30- cm PD were 6.46±1.98, 6.62±2.00, 6.74±2.01, and 6.90±2.03%/day, respectively. No significant differences was found among four different planting distance. The mean carrageenan (semi-refined carrageenan/SRC) yields were varied among treatments and tended also to have seasonal variation. Minimum SRC of all treatments was varied and occurred in March/June while the maximum SRC were in May/October/November. The carrageenan yields range were from 31.53±2.04% to 48.91±5.05%. The highest mean annual SRC was recorded for 15-cm planting distance (PD) (42.02 ± 3.38%) followed by 30-cm PD (41.58 ± 2.95%), 20-cm PD (41.56 ± 6.03%) and 25-cm PD (41.45 ± 4.09%). The quality of cultivars produced from the selection met international specifications suggesting that mass selection for longer period could be ‘a new method” to produce better quality of seedlings.
Monitoring program is very important to evaluate the growth and performance of the seaweed K. alvarezii cultivated in the coastal areas. However, the program are rarely to be done in Indonesia continuously. In SE Sulawesi, tissue-cultured seedling are already been used by the seaweed farmers. The aims of this study were to evaluate the third period of growth monitoring program based on daily growth rate (DGR) and ratio of final wet weight and dry weight using tissue-cultured seedlings of the seaweed. This study was conducted in Bungin Coastal Waters, South Konawe. The result showed that the mean DGR of the seedlings were 7.01±0.63%.day−1 and significantly higher (p<0.05) than the two previous monitoring years (2017 and 2018). Ratio of final dry weight: wet weight was 9.42:1 and this ratio was also higher than the two previous years. In the present study, the epiphyte infection of Sargassum polycystum and an unidentified moss were also found. In conclusion, tissue-cultured seedling show good quality even though they have been used as seedlings for four years continuously.
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