No abstract

KMC was found to be safe, effective and feasible method of care of LBWI even in the NICU settings. Positive attitudes were observed in mothers, families and HCW.

Pesticides are a mixture of chemical substances used to kill pests. Apart from their toxicity to pests, thy affect nontarget organisms. They also generate free radicals producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can disturb cellular pathways by inhibiting various enzymes or receptors. Pesticides also induce oxidative DNA damage, DNA adducts, and single or double strand DNA breaks. Various mechanisms of DNA repair deal with such damages and help to maintain cell integrity. Alteration in DNA repair genes modulates the individual's susceptibility towards DNA repair and various diseases. Biological monitoring provides a useful tool for the estimation of genetic risk in populations exposed to pesticides. Large numbers of evidences show that occupational exposure to pesticides in agricultural workers has been associated with an increased incidence of various diseases such as cancer, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, reproductive disorders, and birth defects. In this review, we have discussed occupational pesticide exposure, various mechanisms of DNA damage caused by pesticides, DNA repair mechanisms, biomonitoring tools, and various diseases caused by pesticide exposure.

Oromotor stimulation along with routine care reduces the duration of gavage feeding in preterm neonates.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of prothrombotic gene polymorphisms [factor V Leiden (FVL) 1691GA, factor VII (FVII) 10976GA, FVII HVR4, platelet membrane glycoproteins GP1BA 1018CT, GP1BA VNTR, integrin ITGB3 1565TC, integrin ITGA2 807CT and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C/T], plasma factors (fibrinogen and homocysteine) and traditional risk factors with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in 184 patients ≤ 40 years of age and 350 controls (≤ 40 years) from north India. Multiple logistic-regression analysis showed that hypertension (OR 1.9, 95 % CI 1.1-3.8, p = 0.042), diabetes mellitus (OR 10.5, 95 % CI 2.0-56.7, p = 0.006), smoking (OR 7.1, 95 % CI 3.7-13.6, p < 0.001), low socio-economic status (OR 13.5, 95 % CI 2.3-78.4, p = 0.004), high waist-hip ratio (OR 35.6, 95 % CI 11.1-53.7, p < 0.001) and FVL 1691GA (OR 6.0, 95 % CI 1.2-13.4, p = 0.03) were independent risk predictors of AMI in young. Elevated plasma fibrinogen also showed association with increased AMI risk. ITGA2 807C/T polymorphism showed protection against AMI in univariate analysis only, while GP1BA VNTR-ac (OR 0.4, 95 % CI 0.2-0.9, p = 0.033) showed significant protection even after adjusting for age and sex. Multinominal logistic-regression analysis showed gene-gene (GP1BA 1018C/T with GP1BA VNTR and ITGA2 807C/T with ITGB3 1565T/C polymorphisms) and gene-environment interactions (gene polymorphisms with smoking) operating in the occurrence of AMI in young. In conclusion, the role of inherited predisposition to thrombosis in complex, polygenic and multifactorial disease like AMI is limited to certain genetic factors, in combination with environmental factor like smoking.