This study aims to identify the significance of different blood viscosity models along with different Reynold numbers in the simulation of blood flow in a multi-stenosed LCA model. Computational fluid dynamics techniques were implemented to derive the hemodynamic outcomes of the diseased three-dimensional Left Coronary Artery (LCA) models comprising of multiple stenosis. The three-dimensional LCA model was reconstructed using the angiographic images of a healthy person and three viscosity models, i.e., Carreau, Quemada, and Modified Cross, were considered for carrying out blood flow simulation through it. In this work, the behaviour of blood velocity was analysed by increasing the level of blockage in each of the considered blood viscosity model. It is noticed that the increase in velocity is in proportion with the rise in Reynold's number. This study shows that the Quemada model records the maximum velocity magnitude with the other two rheological models for higher Reynold numbers. In this work, the area-averaged wall shear stress (AAWSS) along the Left Anterior Descending (LAD) segment between the areas of double stenosis for different Reynold numbers was also analyzed. Two peaks of AAWSS were seen for all the Reynold numbers indicating the two sections of constrictions. The obtained highest peak reflecting the primary blockage. Also, an emphasis is laid to prefer the Carreau model over Quemada and Modified Cross model. This work is a purely computational-based work that might be helpful in an insightful understanding of blood flow conduct at the diseased stage in the cardiovascular system.
In the present paper, the simulation of blood flow in the left coronary artery is performed using angiography images of a healthy person. Artery blockage is the most prevailing cause of coronary artery disease (CAD). The presence of blockage inside the artery breaks the continuity of blood supply to the other part of the body and therefore causes for heart attack. In the present study, two different three-dimensional models namely; normal and 50% plaque are used for the numerical studies. Five inlet velocities 0.10, 0.20, 0.50, 0.70 and 0.80 m/s are considered corresponding to different blood flow conditions to study the effect of velocity on the human heart. Finite Volume Method (FVM) based Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique is executed for the numerical simulation of blood flow. Hemodynamics factors are computed and compared for the two geometrical models (Normal Vs. Blockage model). Area Average Wall Shear Stress (AAWSS) ranges from 4.1-33.6 Pa at the façade of the Left Anterior Descending (LAD) part of the Left Coronary Artery (LCA) for the constricted artery. The predominantly low WSS index is analogous to the normal artery affirms the existence of plaque. From the medical point of view, this can prove as an excellent factor for early diagnosis of CAD. Therefore, a hindrance can be created in the increasing frequency of myocardial infarction (MI).
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