The prevalence and clinical presentations of Thai women with PCOS were similar to those in other reports. However, hirsutism, elevated testosterone level and acanthosis nigricans were uncommon in our population. Serum androstenedione was a more sensitive indicator of hyperandrogenemia than total testosterone. Further research is needed to clarify whether there is an ethnic difference in endocrine profiles and risks of metabolic syndrome.

Objective: To determine the factors associated with the increased risk of developing high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) of the uterine cervix in women younger than 30 years compared with those aged ≥ 30 years who also had HSIL. Methods: Patients with HSIL who underwent loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) between January 2006 and July 2017 at Chiang Mai University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. We analyzed the factors associated with the development of HSIL by comparing two age groups between women aged < 30 years and those aged ≥ 30 years. The factors analyzed included the well-recognized risk factors for cervical cancer, i.e. age at sexual debut, number of sexual partners, use of oral contraceptive (OC) pills, smoking history, sexually transmitted diseases and HIV status. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess factors associated with the increased risk of developing HSIL in women younger than 30 years compared with those aged ≥ 30 years. Results: During the study period, there were 345 patients with HSIL, 30 were < 30 years (case group) and 315 aged ≥ 30 years (control group). By multivariate analyses , early sexual debut(OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.01-8.13; P=0.047), multiple sexual partners (OR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.23-7.02; P=0.015), history of genital warts (OR, 20.46; 95% CI, 2.27-183.72; P=0.007) and history of smoking (OR, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.10-7.93; P=0.032) were significantly associated with the development of HSIL in women younger than 30 years when compared with those aged ≥ 30 years. The OC use, HIV status and underlying diseases were not significantly different in both groups. Conclusion: Early age at sexual debut, multiple sexual partners, history of genital warts and smoking are significant risk factors for developing HSIL in women younger than 30 years. Cervical cancer screening should be considered in young women with such factors.

The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic factors and pregnancy rates after microsurgical reversal of tubal sterilization. Patients undergoing tubal anastomosis from 2001 to 2008 were included. Relevant data were extracted from their medical records. Pregnancy outcomes were ascertained by responses to mailed questionnaires and telephone contact. A total of 98 patients were identified. We found that the mean duration of follow-up was 67 ± 28 months. Fifty-five patients conceived (pregnancy rate 62.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 52 to 72.8%). Of these, 50 were intrauterine and 5 were tubal pregnancies. Life-table analysis estimated cumulative pregnancy rates to be 30.7%, 39.8%, 49%, and 53.7% at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after reversal, respectively. Age at the time of reversal was the only significant prognostic factor multivariate model. We concluded that age of the patient at the operation is the most important prognostic factor.