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There is no evidence that follicular aspiration and flushing is associated with improved clinical or ongoing pregnancy rates, nor an increase in oocyte yield. The operative time is significantly longer and more opiate analgesia is required for pain relief during oocyte retrieval. There is a lack of evidence regarding the effect of follicular aspiration and flushing on live birth rates in the identified data.

The prevalence and clinical presentations of Thai women with PCOS were similar to those in other reports. However, hirsutism, elevated testosterone level and acanthosis nigricans were uncommon in our population. Serum androstenedione was a more sensitive indicator of hyperandrogenemia than total testosterone. Further research is needed to clarify whether there is an ethnic difference in endocrine profiles and risks of metabolic syndrome.

Colpocleisis improves condition-specific QOL in selected patients with advanced POP and remains an option for this group. Surgeons should consider counseling elderly women with advanced POP about obliterative vaginal surgery.

ABSTRACT:Purpose. We present a small series of prenatally diagnosed cases of ectopia cordis.Methods. Four fetuses with prenatally diagnosed ectopia cordis were sonographically evaluated and followed up.Results. The fetuses were diagnosed with ectopia cordis at 9, 13, 21, and 29 weeks' menstrual age. The case diagnosed at 9 weeks is the earliest prenatal diagnosis reported, to our knowledge. The diagnoses were based on the demonstration of a fetal heart outside the thoracic cavity with Doppler waveforms typical of intracardiac flow. One fetus had isolated ectopia cordis, and 3 had other associated anolmalies. The diagnosis was postnatally confirmed in all cases. Therapeutic abortion was done in 2 cases. One infant survived, and the fourth died shortly after birth. Chromosome study was successfully performed in 2 cases and was normal in both of them.Conclusions. This small series suggests that ectopia cordis can be readily diagnosed in utero as early as the first trimester. Later in pregnancy, sonography provides important information for planning surgical correction.

Purpose We present a small series of prenatally diagnosed cases of ectopia cordis. Methods Four fetuses with prenatally diagnosed ectopia cordis were sonographically evaluated and followed up. Results The fetuses were diagnosed with ectopia cordis at 9, 13, 21, and 29 weeks' menstrual age. The case diagnosed at 9 weeks is the earliest prenatal diagnosis reported, to our knowledge. The diagnoses were based on the demonstration of a fetal heart outside the thoracic cavity with Doppler waveforms typical of intracardiac flow. One fetus had isolated ectopia cordis, and 3 had other associated anolmalies. The diagnosis was postnatally confirmed in all cases. Therapeutic abortion was done in 2 cases. One infant survived, and the fourth died shortly after birth. Chromosome study was successfully performed in 2 cases and was normal in both of them. Conclusions This small series suggests that ectopia cordis can be readily diagnosed in utero as early as the first trimester. Later in pregnancy, sonography provides important information for planning surgical correction. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 27:440–445, 1999.

Our in-house URF method gave comparable results to slow programmable freezing. Although the risk of potential contamination is a major drawback of the present ultra-rapid freezing technique, future refinement will minimize or entirely eliminate this concern.

This report presents a sonographic diagnosis of exencephaly combined with omphalocele at 11 weeks of gestation. The transvaginal ultrasound showed frog-eye appearance face with no skull, abnormal shape of disorganized brain with covering membrane separated from brain mass by anechoic fluid in some area, and omphalocele of 8 mm diameter. Therapeutic abortion was successfully done with misoprostol. Postabortal macroscopic findings confirmed the prenatal diagnosis. The combination of exencephaly and omphalocele is rare, and this is one of the earliest diagnosis of not only exencephaly but also omphalocele. To our best knowledge, this represents the earliest diagnosis of the combination. In conclusion, transvaginal ultrasound proved highly informative for both exencephaly and omphalocele as early as in first trimester.