The urgency of biogenic elements removal is caused by ever-increasing degree of eutrophication of surface water, which increases the mass of phytoplankton, water turbidity, oxygen concentration in the upper water layers and reduces in thickness. To remove biogenic elements from wastewater, a method based on the use of bioreagents – chemical compounds of trace elements based on biologically active copolymers – is successfully implemented. This article presents the results of a survey of existing facilities of a biological wastewater treatment plant in a small locality. The survey revealed low efficiency of processes at the stage of biological purification, primarily with regard to the speed of biochemical processes, namely, the time-limited ability of dephosphotation, and as a result, a small withdrawal of total phosphorus at the stage of biological purification directly by active sludge microorganisms. In order to intensify the work of biological wastewater treatment facilities, an experiment was conducted on the use of bioreactor in real operation at these treatment facilities.
In this study, a galvanocoagulator was used for the treatment of chromium-containing wastewater. Its principle of operation is based on the use of processes for reducing Cr(VI) ions to the Cr(III) state using a galvanic pair “copper-iron” without applying an external electric field. In this case, the reduction of hexavalent chromium ions to trivalent occurs due to the oxidation of iron ions, which, when dissolved, pass into the solution. To speed up the process of iron dissolution, compressed air is supplied to the galvanocoagulator. The conversion of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) into insoluble compounds is performed by adding alkali solutions. The resulting suspension is removed from the water by settling and filtering methods. As a result of research, the possibility of effective treatment of chromium-containing wastewater using the method of galvanocoagulation was established; the technological parameters of the galvanocoagulator were determined. The hydraulic size of the suspension formed after processing of chromium-containing effluents in a galvanocoagulator is determined, which allows designing treatment facilities for the removal of heavy metal hydroxides by settling.
The fundamental task of engineering education lies in interdisciplinary integration of content and teaching methods through the development of multimedia and virtual technologies. This leads to new demands on the professional knowledge, abilities, skills, and qualities of a teaching staff member. The main objective is to test the effectiveness of methods of formation and development of professional and pedagogical competence. The main results of the research allow identifying methods of development of professional and pedagogical competence (collaborative, personalized; training, consultations) and evaluation criteria, characterizing a public recognition of the scientific and educational activity of teachers. These methods allow developing a program for the training of faculty members, including participation in the scientific and teaching activity, organization of personal exhibitions, the development of individual projects to optimize higher education. The criteria identified allow to include characteristics of actual and potential activities of a teacher.
The purpose of the article consists in development and experimental check of pedagogical conditions efficiency of students' readiness formation for their own educational cognitive activity in the course of vocational training. The basis of this research forms axiological and competence-based approaches to a problem of students' readiness for their own educational cognitive activity in the course of vocational training in a higher education institution. The following conditions of the process efficiency as pedagogical ones are offered in this article. They are: complex scientific and methodical, educational and syllabus, information and technical providing of students readiness for independent educational cognitive activity in the course of vocational training; the motivational and appreciative attitude of students to independent educational cognitive activity in the course of vocational training; mark and rating monitoring of students readiness formation for independent educational cognitive activity in the course of vocational training. The results of this research are of value at creation and approbation of innovative methods of students' readiness formation for their independent educational cognitive activity, at creation of models of psychological and pedagogical maintenance of this process at the vocational educational institutions.
A large amount of oil-containing wastewater is generated in the oil industry. Before injection into the layer, oil and mechanical impurities must be removed from the oil-containing wastewater to the specified limits for injection into the oil formation. During the purification of oil-containing waste water, the method of settling on structures of various designs is widely used. To intensify the sedimentation processes of oil-containing wastewater, pre-treatment methods are used before sedimentation in treatment plants. One of the most effective is the process of coalescence on structures with the use of granular coalescing nozzles. Granulated coalescing materials based on polymer materials and expanded clay have been developed to intensify the process of oil-containing wastewater purification. Based on the experiments, it was found that the best materials for coalescence purposes are coarse-grained coalescing hydrophobic loads for wastewater filtration at high speeds, which operate in self-regeneration mode. This increases the depth of oil-containing wastewater purification and reduces the duration of the settling process by two or more times.
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