A large amount of oil-containing wastewater is generated in the oil industry. Before injection into the layer, oil and mechanical impurities must be removed from the oil-containing wastewater to the specified limits for injection into the oil formation. During the purification of oil-containing waste water, the method of settling on structures of various designs is widely used. To intensify the sedimentation processes of oil-containing wastewater, pre-treatment methods are used before sedimentation in treatment plants. One of the most effective is the process of coalescence on structures with the use of granular coalescing nozzles. Granulated coalescing materials based on polymer materials and expanded clay have been developed to intensify the process of oil-containing wastewater purification. Based on the experiments, it was found that the best materials for coalescence purposes are coarse-grained coalescing hydrophobic loads for wastewater filtration at high speeds, which operate in self-regeneration mode. This increases the depth of oil-containing wastewater purification and reduces the duration of the settling process by two or more times.
The article presents the features of cascade phyto-treatment facilities, bio plateau with an open water mirror. Such structures are similar to natural wetland objects. The plant species on the cascades and their effect in the post-treatment of wastewater are considered. Natural biological treatment of wastewater with algae roots is one of the most effective methods of treatment. This method allows you to clean polluted wastewater without harming the environment. Aquatic plants intensify the purification process, remove biogenic elements, actively using them in their nutrition, remove heavy metals and organic substances from the water and accumulate in the root system, which are difficult to decompose and thus improve the process of self-purification of reservoirs. The article pays great attention to the project «The Resilient Ribbon: A Timeless Legend of Kazan». The essence of the project is the natural self-purification of the city lake Nizhny Kaban in Kazan, where the root system of plants is used to purify water from mixtures, phenols and phosphates, heavy metals and a number of other harmful substances. The results of laboratory studies of water quality after treatment at cascade phyto-treatment facilities are presented.
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