With the adoption of Regulation Fair Disclosure (Reg FD), market behavior around earnings releases displays no significant change in return volatility (after controlling for decimalization of stock trading) but significant increases in trading volume due to difference in opinion. Analyst forecast dispersion increases, and increases in other measures of disagreement and difference of opinion suggest greater difficulty in forming forecasts beyond the current quarter. Corporations increase the quantity of voluntary disclosures, but only for current quarter earnings. Thus, Reg FD seems to increase the quantity of information available to the public while imposing greater demands on investment professionals.
In response to the rapid development of green finance, this study evaluates a systematic literature survey with a focus on the determinants and the potential benefits of corporate engagement in environmentally responsible practices in the context of green bonds and green loans. We show that research has discovered that environmentally responsible practices not only enhance shareholder value but also the value accrued to nonfinancial stakeholders. Further, we provide an updated overview of research developments in relation to green bonds and syndicated loans. Lastly, we discuss the limitations in the nascent green finance research and propose new lines of research supporting our aim of advancing our knowledge of sustainable investments.
Miller's hypothesis posits that divergence of opinion can lead to asset overvaluation and subsequent long-term underperformance in markets (such as initial public offerings [IPOs]) with restricted short-selling. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that early-market return volatility, a proxy for divergence of opinion, is negatively related to subsequent IPO long-term abnormal returns. This relation holds after accounting for other factors that previous studies suggest affect long-term abnormal returns for IPOs (including another proxy for divergence of opinion). Moreover, we find that this relation is stronger in IPO markets than in non-IPO markets (where short-selling restrictions are less stringent), again consistent with Miller's hypothesis. 2006 The Southern Finance Association and the Southwestern Finance Association.
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