Innovations are the key elements that boost the economy in a given sector. Particularly, the tourism sector requires different types of innovations, as it is one of the most competitive ones. This paper discusses the role of innovations in the tourism sector in a market-oriented environment, where competition is the fundamental source of the market dynamic. First, the paper will introduce the types of innovations in the current literature. Then it moves to argue the four impacts of innovations in tourism. These are increasing the existing capacity, survival of the tourism sector itself, overcoming the possible negative effects, and opening up saturated markets. Each type of innovation is considered to be related to one impact, and they will be explained further by using real-world examples. At the end of paper, there will also be a model presented in order to measure the impact of innovations on the basis of quality of life (of both tourists and service providers) and revenues received by the stakeholders who participate in the tourism market by investing. In conclusion, this paper argues that innovations are the crucial aspect of the current economic system and agencies in the tourism sector should focus on innovating more and more if they seek to benefit from the market industry and even maintain their position in the tourism market.
Natural disasters have a catastrophic impact on the lives of humans, interrupting their social and economic activities to a great extent. Communities that are located in high-risk regions encounter greater challenges in developing a resilient and sustainable tourism economy (Tsai et. al., 2016). The past examples of tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions all over the world have shown that there are two sides of the issue in terms of tourism sector. First, the devastating effects of the natural disaster slow down the tourism sector like all other activities in a particular destination. On the other hand, the natural disasters are capable of fostering the strong feelings of solidarity (Goodwin, 2005), luring the global interest to the region for further economic opportunities, including tourism. The aim of this manuscript is to investigate the influence of drawbacks and possible positive impacts of natural disasters on tourism activities and to model them in a proper manner. The paper will start with a body of literature on the impact of natural disasters on the tourism industry based on the previous studies. The study will be dealing with the question how natural disasters have an impact on tourism through economic aspects, destination image and the degree of community activity. The methodology will be literature review and critical evaluation of the findings. Finally, a model will be suggested in order to provide a quantitative analysis for the natural disasters, including the possible related economic and social variables.
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