According to the presented data, it could be reasonable to use lithium as a single evening dose in patients who can tolerate this schedule because no studies have suggested any benefit from administration of multiple daily doses. Possible advantages of single daily dosing, especially in improved compliance, could not be veiled by disadvantages of transient and mild postabsorptive side effects.

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SUMMARY

SUMMARY – The aim of the study was to test the correlation between 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and dental anxiety. Research hypothesis was that positive relation between the expression of dental anxiety and the S allele exists in the population of healthy Caucasians. We conducted a prospective study on 159 subjects, volunteers made up of medical and non-medical staff of the Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre. Both genders were included, age range 19 to 59, mentally and physically healthy (according to DSM-5 classification of mental disorders). For the purpose of this research, we used a sociodemographic questionnaire containing the following information: age, gender, education level, work status, marital status and residence. Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale-Revised (DAS-R) was used to measure dental anxiety. Data distribution was tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, difference between the groups by ?χ 2 -test and one-way analysis of variance, and correlation of variables by logistic regression. In the study population, we found positive correlation between S-allele and total result in DAS-R questionnaire. The presence of S allele suggests that the person will have a higher result in DAS-R questionnaire, i.e. higher expression of dental anxiety.

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Recent TCS studies showed that disruption of echogenic midbrain line corresponding to basal limbic system and raphe nuclei (RN) within might represent functional marker for the development of depression (irrespective of diagnostic category). Also, depression is the most common psychiatric disorder associated with suicidal ideation. Still there is lack of evidence that, at patients with suicidal ideation, TCS might record same RN alteration. Therefore, we initiated this study to test the possibility of TCS to disclose suicidal risk at patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: Altogether 90 subjects: 30 patients with MDD, 30 patients with MDD who also reported suicidal ideation and 30 healthy controls where studied using TCS. Severity of the disease was measured according to Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and clinical global impression scale (CGI).Examination was performed by standardized semi quantitative protocol. Results: Reduced raphe echogenicity was found in 16 of 30 (53%) of the patients with MDD but only in 6 of 30 (20%) controls. In patients with suicidal ideations that finding was even more pronounced 22 of 30 (73%), with the highest frequency of completely not visible TCS RN finding 20 of 30 (67%). Conclusion: Our results showed that alteration of RN is frequent TCS finding in depressive states. That finding is rare in healthy subjects; however, in suicidal patients such alteration was even more pronounced. Finding of completely disrupted RN line was frequently associated with suicidal ideation. These data suggest that TCS might be novel method for the detection of patients with suicidal risk.