Phytochemical exploration of a wood bark extract from Durio zibethinus afforded two new triterpenoids, namely, methyl 27-O-trans-caffeoylcylicodiscate (1) and methyl 27-O-cis-caffeoylcylicodiscate (2), a new phenolic, 1,2-diarylpropane-3-ol (3), and seven known compounds, fraxidin, eucryphin, boehmenan, threo-carolignan E, (-)-(3R,4S)-4-hydroxymellein, methyl protocatechuate, and (+)-(R)-de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (4). In addition, chemical analysis of a wood bark extract from Durio kutejensis yielded the new triterpenes 3beta-O-trans-caffeoyl-2alpha-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (5) and 3beta-O-trans-caffeoyl-2alpha-hydroxytaraxest-12-en-28-oic acid (6) together with four known compounds, maslinic acid, arjunolic acid, 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone, and fraxidin. The structures of all compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data.

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A fungal endophyte which was identified as a hitherto undescribed member of the family Xylariaceae by sequencing of the ITS region was isolated from fresh and healthy leaves of Lansium domesticum collected on tropical peatland of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Chromatographic separation of the ethyl acetate extract of the fungus resulted in the isolation of three new arugosin type metabolites, including arugosins O (1), P (2), and Q (3). The structures were determined by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra and HRMS data, and by comparison with data from the literature. Biological activities of those compounds are also reported.

Investigation of chemical constituents from the bark of Durio carinatus has led to the isolation of three lignans, boehmenan X (1), threo-carolignan X (2), and erythro-carolignan X (3), together with the three known lignans boehmenan, threo-carolignan E, and erythro-carolignan E. The bark of D. oxleyanus yielded two new lignan ethers, threo-carolignan Y (4) and erythro-carolignan Y (5), together with compounds 1, 3, and boehmenan. J-Based configurational analysis and NOE measurements were used to explore conformational issues for the lignan diastereomers, while CD measurements supported an 8'S configuration for the various lignans. The triterpenes 3β-O-cis-caffeoylbetulinic acid and 3β-O-trans-caffeoylbetulinic acid were also characterized from D. carinatus.

Cytotoxic activities of extracts of Pycnarrhena cauliflora leaves, stems and roots on some human cancer cells have been known. However, the cytotoxicity of stem of Pycnarrhena cauliflora on human breast cancer cell line T47D through an apoptosis induction has not been proven yet. This study was an effort in understanding the cytotoxic activity of stem of Pycnarrhena cauliflora through apoptosis induction. The crude ethanol extract was partitioned between n-hexane and dichloromethane at pH 3, 7 and 9, which was subsequently tested for their cytotoxic activity against human breast cancer cell line T47D by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Flow cytometric analysis with Annexin V-FLUOS/ propidium iodide (PI) double staining was used for apoptosis analysis. The dichloromethane fraction at pH 7 was considered the most potent with an IC 50 value of 59.30 µg/mL and induced apoptosis on the T47D cell line. The result indicated the potential of dichloromethane fraction of the stem of P.cauliflora as a source of bioactive compounds and provided a basis of further studies to isolate a new anticancer compound.

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