Cytotoxic Activity of Stem of Pycnarrhena cauliflora through Apoptosis Induction on Human Breast Cancer Cell Line T47D

Abstract

Cytotoxic activities of extracts of Pycnarrhena cauliflora leaves, stems and roots on some human cancer cells have been known. However, the cytotoxicity of stem of Pycnarrhena cauliflora on human breast cancer cell line T47D through an apoptosis induction has not been proven yet. This study was an effort in understanding the cytotoxic activity of stem of Pycnarrhena cauliflora through apoptosis induction. The crude ethanol extract was partitioned between n-hexane and dichloromethane at pH 3, 7 and 9, which was subsequently tested for their cytotoxic activity against human breast cancer cell line T47D by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Flow cytometric analysis with Annexin V-FLUOS/ propidium iodide (PI) double staining was used for apoptosis analysis. The dichloromethane fraction at pH 7 was considered the most potent with an IC 50 value of 59.30 µg/mL and induced apoptosis on the T47D cell line. The result indicated the potential of dichloromethane fraction of the stem of P.cauliflora as a source of bioactive compounds and provided a basis of further studies to isolate a new anticancer compound.

Antimicrobial activity of Pycnarrhena cauliflora (Miers.) Diels. methanol extract

“…Diels. was reported to have antioxidant, 10,11 cytotoxic, 12,13 antibacterial activities. 14 In this study, it was reported that methanolic extracts of the P. cauliflora (Miers.)…”

Exploration and preliminary analysis of sengkubak (Pycnarrhena cauliflora (Diels)) as natural food flavouring additive prospect

“…Glutamic acid is widely found in natural ingredients such as fish, mushrooms, algae (spirulina), bekai plants, sengkubak plants so that these natural ingredients can replace MSG sold in the market. In addition, sengkubak leaves have many benefits for human health, such as antioxidants, anticancer, anti-acne and anti-bacterial; this has been reported [11,16,31]. Sengkubak can be used as an alternative to the use of natural flavour enhancers so that the potential of this plant is very large as a natural flavouring in the future [31].…”

“…The bioactive plant content can be obtained through extraction by pulling chemical compounds from within the plant. Several studies have been conducted to determine the bioactive content of sengkubak plants using the maceration method [11,16,31]. Based on this, this study refers to the research above by using the maceration method.…”

“…Several previous studies related to the potential use of sengkubak as a natural flavouring have been carried out by [5,10,11,12]. Setyiasi had developed kemangi imbo leaves in powder products, and compared to MSG, according to the panellist, the products were acceptable [10].…”

“…Sengkubak contains other active ingredients, especially the roots and leaves, which can be anti-breast cancer and uterine cancer [11]. Sengkubak leaves can also be used as a headache medicine [15].…”