SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Evaluate the expression of KI-67 in uterine leiomyomas and adjacent myometrial tissue and verify the existence of a correlation between clinical parameters and KI-67 expression in tumors. METHODS This is a cross-sectional, controlled, analytical study. Samples of leiomyomas and myometrium were obtained from patients who underwent hysterectomy. The samples were processed by immunohistochemistry using KI-67 antibody, and the expression was evaluated by two blinded observers. Student›s T-test was used for comparison of means, and Pearson›s P test for correlation with clinical parameters. RESULTS A total of 9 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 40.7 years, ranging from 35 to 44 years. The mean expression of KI-67 in myometrium was 1.63%, and, in leiomyomas, 5.96% (p <0.001). The highest expression of KI-67 was moderately related to the severity of anemia, bleeding, and pain level. CONCLUSION The expression of KI-67 in normal myometrium was significantly lower than in leiomyomas. The highest expression of KI-67 was moderately related to the severity of anemia, bleeding, and pain level in the patients of this study.
SUMMARY Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of computer science that aims to mimic human thought processes. AI techniques have been applied in cardiovascular medicine to explore novel genotypes and phenotypes in existing diseases, improve the quality of patient care, enabling cost-effectiveness, and reducing readmission and mortality rates. The potential of AI in cardiovascular medicine is tremendous; however, ignorance of the challenges may overshadow its potential clinical impact. This paper gives a glimpse of AI’s application in cardiovascular clinical care and discusses its potential role in facilitating precision cardiovascular medicine.
Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) infections with Vancomycin resistance in hospital complexes are a concern, a significant increase in the number of these occurrences is observed since it is one of the last available antibiotic therapy routes available for the treatment of infectious processes bacterium. Thus, this work aims to present the main mechanism of resistance induction of S. aureus to Vancomycin. The research used the databases Medline, Scielo, the electronic site of the Google Scholar databases as well as specialized magazines in the area. Thus, the selected articles showed that in the late 1950s almost half of S. aureus strains were resistant to penicillin, and in the 1970s the first cases of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) appeared; and thus, Vancomycin became employed in such cases. In 1996, the first case of S. aureus with intermediate resistance to vancomycin (VISA) was found. In 2002, the first case of Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) occurred, the latter being the only known to have the VanA gene until then. It was soon discovered that the emergence of this resistance occurred from the transfer of a plasmid with the transposon of the vancomycin resistant vanA, Tn1546 vancomycin (VRE) gene to an MRSA, which already had a plasmid for resistance to gentamicin and production of beta-lactamase. This new plasmid was disseminated to other S. aureus and thus disseminating a new resistance. Thus, the conclusion is that the cycle repeats itself and previously sensitive bacteria become resistant; thus, in this rhythm of emergence of bacterial resistance against antibiotic therapy is worrying, there will be a moment when there will be no antibiotic capable of acting in the fight against bacteria. This shows the need to understand the mechanism of resistance, the discovery of new antimicrobial drugs and the prevention of the spread of resistant microbes.Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin, microbial drug resistance, vancomycin resistance.
Cardiovascular aggravators result from a series of factors that may be related among themselves or metabolically connected; thus, these may contribute to and determine the onset of future diseases that may affect the functioning of the heart, such as arterial hypertension (SAH) 1 . SAH is frequent in developing and developed countries, and the number of occurrences increases with age 2 . There are, in Brasil, 250,000 deaths per year due to cardiovascular diseases, and SAH is one of the causes in approximately 50% of them 3 . Studies show that its occurrence is between 52% and 63%, which makes it possible for SAH to be considered a public health problem that considerably increases the cardiovascular risk of patients in these cases 1,4-6 .Clinical trials for the management of hypertension show the importance of controlling blood pressure (BP) as a means of reducing the risks of cardiovascular diseases 3 . A review study that included eight trials and more than 15,000 individuals aged 60 years or older indicated that the use of antihypertensive agents reduced stroke by 30%, coronary heart disease by 23%, and mortality by 13%. Patients with SAH have obesity, elevated heart rate, diabetes mellitus, and high cholesterol levels. SAH alone is found in only 13% of men and 20% of women 7 . This shows the importance of detecting, controlling, and treating other aggravating factors, if present, early. SAH is characterized by several functional and structural changes in the plasma membrane, which are constantly related to changes in metabolism, such as high blood triglycerides, low levels of HDL, and high levels of LDL 8 . The elevation of viscosity in the plasmalemma that occurs in high-pressure carriers shows changes in lipid composition 9 . In cases of high levels of triglycerides and high levels of cholesterol, there is a great transition between the lipids present in the blood and those present in the plasma membranes, which leads to a decrease in the fluidity of the membranes and a change in the transport of ions 8 . An increased supply of cholesterol to plasma membranes was associated with decreased sodium and potassium pump function, reduced sodium efflux, and increased intracellular sodium affinity 10,11 . The decrease in plasma membrane cholesterol has increased the rate at which sodium and potassium pump ions are transported 12,13 . Similarly, the decrease of plasma membrane cholesterol in erythrocytes led to increased sodium efflux and decreased intracellular sodium 14 . The latter may be considered beneficial since the reduction in the sodium levels present inside the cells is an alternative for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases 15 .Studies show that in people without pre-existing cardiovascular diseases, the use of statins in patients with high lipid levels leads to a reduction in cholesterol EDITORIAL
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.