The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 5 food lures for fruit fly monitoring in citrus orchards in the municipality of Pinto Bandeira, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, from Nov 2012 to Oct 2013. Food lures included: 1) CeraTrap™ (undiluted), 2) Torula™ (6 tablets of 3 g/L), 3) BioAnastrepha (5%), 4) 10% corn syrup, and 5) 25% red grape juice (control). The lures were replaced weekly with the exception of CeraTrap™, which was replaced every 45 d. McPhail traps were baited with 300 mL of each food lure, and the traps were placed 10 m apart at the edge of the orchard. Traps were rotated weekly to prevent any bias in treatment location. Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) was the species with the greatest mean number of fruit fly adults per trap per day (FTD), with 7.8, 2.8, 2.6, 1.7, and 0.9 FTD for the food lures CeraTrap™, Torula™, BioAnastrepha, corn syrup, and grape juice, respectively. CeraTrap™ lured A. fraterculus in amounts above the economic threshold (0.5 FTD) over 73% of the study period, whereas Torula™, BioAnastrepha, corn syrup, and grape juice lured A. fraterculus in amounts above the control level for 28, 20, 11, and 6% of the study period, respectively. Thus, the hydrolyzed protein CeraTrap™ showed the highest efficacy for fruit fly monitoring in the citrus orchard.
Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) is the main insect pest of fruits worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity and residual effects of the ready-to-use toxic baits Success 0.02CB (0.24 g of active ingredient [a.i.] per liter of spinosad) and Gelsura (6 g of a.i./liter of alpha-cypermethrin) and to compare them with other food lures containing spinosad and malathion mixed with hydrolyzed protein (Biofruit 5% and Flyral 1.25%), Anamed without dilution or sugarcane molasses (7%) against adult C. capitata in laboratory and greenhouse trials. Ceratitis capitata adults were highly susceptible to all toxic bait formulations (mortality > 80%) until 96 h after exposure. The lowest LT50 (hours) of toxic baits were 2.32 (Gelsura at 4,000 mg/liter), 4.26 (Gelsura at 2,000 mg/liter), 4.28 (Anamed + malathion) and 4.89 (sugarcane molasses + malathion), while formulations containing spinosad (Biofruit, Flyral, Anamed and Success 0.02CB) showed LT50 of approximately 11 h. Without rain, Gelsura (2,000 mg/liter) and all spinosad formulations provided mortality superior to 80% 14 d after application. Gelsura and Anamed + spinosad showed higher resistance to a 5-mm simulated rain, similar to Anamed + malathion, while the other formulations had its efficacy decreased. All toxic baits were effective on adult C. capitata in residual experiments without rain while Anamed + spinosad caused high adult mortality after 5 to 25 mm rains. Gelsura and Anamed + spinosad can be used to replace toxic baits containing malathion for C. capitata population management.
Uma alternativa para a supressão populacional de Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) é o emprego de iscas tóxicas. Nesse estudo, foi avaliado em laboratório o efeito de ingestão de formulações de iscas tóxicas sobre adultos de A. fraterculus bem como o efeito da precipitação pluvial sobre a eficiência das iscas. As formulações avaliadas foram: a) ANAMED® (SPLAT® 40,00% + atrativo 24,20% + espinosade 0,10%); b) Success* 0,02 CB® – (atrativos + espinosade 0,02%); c) proteína hidrolisada (Biofruit® 3%) + Malathion 1000 CE (0,15%) e d) Testemunha – água destilada. A mortalidade proporcionada pelas formulações contendo espinosade (ANAMED® e Success* 0,02 CB®) foi equivalente à formulação Biofruit® + Malathion 16 horas após a aplicação dos tratamentos (HAT). Na ausência de chuva, as três formulações foram eficazes (mortalidade superior a 90%) até 21 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAT). As formulações ANAMED® + espinosade e Success* 0,02 CB® promoveram elevada mortalidade (60,0 e 64,0%, respectivamente) até 28 DAT. Com chuva simulada de 20 e 50 mm, a mortalidade promovida pela formulação ANAMED® foi de 69,2 e 41,0%, respectivente, diferindo das demais formulações. A isca tóxica Biofruit® + Malathion apresentou o menor TL (tempo letal) 50 com 8,71 horas, seguida de ANAMED® e Success* 0,02 CB® com 11,78 e 12,61 horas, respectivamente. As formulações Success* 0,02 CB® e ANAMED® + espinosade apresentaram alta eficiência no controle de adultos de A. fraterculus na ausência de chuva. Sob lâminas de 20 e 50 mm de chuva simulada., ANAMED® apresenta maior eficiência no controle de adultos de A. fraterculus que as formulações Success* 0,02 CB® e Biofruit® + Malathion.
RESUMO -Neste trabalho, foi realizado o censo das áreas cultivadas com uvas finas de mesa sob cultivo protegido e a identificação das principais espécies de pragas e estratégias de controle empregadas pelos produtores, no município de Caxias do Sul-RS. Na safra de 2007/2008, foram identificados os produtores envolvidos com a atividade no município e através de entrevista presencial e semiestruturada ao estabelecimento produtivo, registrou-se a área cultivada e variedades. Para produtores com cultivo de áreas superiores a 2.000m 2 da cultivar Itália, com dois anos ou mais de produção, foi aplicado outro questionário na safra de 2008/2009 com o objetivo de levantar as informações referentes: a) espécies de insetos e ácaros-praga que danificam as uvas finas de mesa na propriedade, segundo o viticultor; b) conhecer a realidade do manejo de insetos e ácaros-praga na cultura; c) verificar os parâmetros que o produtor utiliza para a aplicação de inseticidas; d) conhecer os produtos aplicados, e e) identificar o tipo de assistência técnica recebida pelo viticultor. Foram identificados 43 produtores de uvas finas de mesa sob cultivo protegido com área total cultivada de 30,36 ha, sendo 70,31% desta área da cultivar Itália. As pragas mais importantes mencionadas pelos produtores foram tripes -Frankliniella rodeos Moulton e a mosca-das-frutas-sul-americana Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied). O manejo realizado para controle destas pragas é através da aplicação de inseticidas com os ingredientes ativos acefato e fentiona, respectivamente, com base em calendário. Os principais problemas enfrentados para implementar estratégias de manejo de pragas no cultivo são a falta de assistência técnica, a ausência de metodologias confiáveis para o monitoramento e o reduzido número de inseticidas autorizados para a cultura. Termos para Indexação: Uva de mesa, Anastrepha fraterculus, Frankliniella rodeos, Monitoramento. AREA GROWN WITH TABLE GRAPE (Vitis vinifera L) UNDER PROTECTED CULTIVATION AND PEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES USED BY GROWERS IN CAXIAS DO SUL, RSABSTRACT -The area grown with table grapes (Vitis vinifera) under protected cultivation, pests associated with the crop and control strategies were surveyed using interviews with growers in Caxias do Sul, RS. During 2008/2009 season, it was identified 43 growers producing table grapes in an area of 30,36 ha. Itália cultivar responds for 70,31% of the area grown in the municipality. The major insect pests associated with Italia cultivar in the region was thrips Frankliniella rodeos Moulton and the South American Fruit Fly Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied). Pest management in based mainly on chemical control sprayed in a calendar based schedule. Major difficulties found to implement an integrated pest management in the protect grape cultivation in the region are the reduced technical assistance, confidence on tools for pest monitoring and reduced number of active ingredients authorized for insect control on grapes.
Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever o desenvolvimento e reprodução de Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) em frutos de caqui 'Fuyu', maçã 'Gala', pêssego 'Maciel' e uva 'Itália'. Foram feitas avaliações quanto a: duração e viabilidade do ovo, duração do estágio larval, peso de pupa, duração e viabilidade da pupa, duração do período ovo-adulto, razão sexual, período de pré-oviposição e oviposição, fecundidade diária e total e longevidade de machos e fêmeas. A maior duração do período ovo-adulto ocorreu em maçã, em consequência do aumento do estágio larval, seguido por uva, caqui e pêssego. Larvas que se alimentaram de pêssego apresentaram maior peso médio de pupa. A maior viabilidade pupal foi registrada em pêssego, equivalente à de uva e caqui. O período de pré-oviposição foi maior para fêmeas provenientes de maçã e uva. Fêmeas provenientes de pêssego apresentaram período de oviposição mais longo, além de maior fecundidade média diária e fecundidade total. A longevidade de adultos foi superior em insetos criados em pêssego. Frutos de pessegueiro são mais adequados para o desenvolvimento de C. capitata, em comparação aos de caqui, maçã e uva.Termos para indexação: Ceratitis capitata, desenvolvimento larval, fruticultura temperada, mosca-das-frutas, reprodução. Development and reproduction of the Mediterranean fruit fly in persimmon, apple, peach and grapeAbstract -The objective of this work was to describe the development and reproduction of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in fruit of 'Fuyu' persimmon, 'Gala' apple, 'Maciel' peach and 'Italy' grape. Evaluations were made for: egg duration and viability, duration of larval stage, pupa weight, pupal duration and viability, duration of egg-adult period, sex ratio, pre-oviposition and oviposition periods, daily and total fecundity, and longevity of males and females. The longer duration of the egg-adult period occurred in apple, due to the increase in larval stage, followed by grape, persimmon and peach. Larvae fed on peach had higher average pupal weight. The highest pupal viability was recorded in peach and was equivalent to that of grape and persimmon. The pre-oviposition period was higher for females from apple and grape. Females from peach had longer oviposition period, and higher daily average fecundity and total fertility. The longevity of adults was higher in insects reared on peach. Peach fruit are more suitable for the development of C. capitata, in comparison to persimmon, apple and grape.
Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is considered one of the main biological control agents of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). However, the application of toxic baits for the management of C . capitata might exert side effects on the parasitoid. The objective of this study was to evaluate the side effects of toxic bait formulations on D . longicaudata . The food attractants Anamed, 3% Biofruit, 1.5% CeraTrap, 1.25% Flyral, 3% Isca Samaritá, 3% Isca Samaritá Tradicional, and 7% sugarcane molasses mixed with an organophosphate insecticide [malathion, 2.0 grams of active ingredient (g a.i.) L −1 ] and the commercial formulation Gelsura (2.0 and 4.0 g a.i. L −1 alpha-cypermethrin) showed high toxicity to D . longicaudata adults (>90% mortality) after 96 h and were thus classified as harmful (Class 4). Similarly, 3% Isca Samaritá Tradicional and 7% sugarcane molasses in formulations with the insecticides spinosad and spinetoram (0.096 g a.i. L −1 or kg) were moderately harmful (Class 3). In contrast, the food attractants Anamed, 3% Biofruit, 1.5% CeraTrap, 1.25% Flyral, and 3% Isca Samaritá Tradicional in combination with spinosad and spinetoram and the formulation Success 0.02CB (0.096 g a.i. L −1 spinosad) were classified as harmless (<10% mortality up to 96 h, Class 1). Additionally, these formulations did not reduce the parasitism and emergence rate of the F 1 generation of D . longicaudata in C . capitata larvae. Formulations of toxic baits based on spinosyn are suitable for the management of C . capitata together with the parasitoid D . longicaudata .
Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) is the main species of frugivorous insect that damages berries of table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) in Southern Brazil. This study was conducted to isolate and identify the fungi associated with bunch rot present in the body of adults of A. fraterculus collected in a commercial vineyard. From January to February 2011, adults of A. fraterculus were collected from a commercial vineyard of green grapes using adapted McPhail traps. In laboratory, flies bodies were divided into four parts (head, legs, wings, and ovipositor) in Petri dishes with PDA medium to evaluate microorganisms associated. Six adult females of A. fraterculus collected in the field were also analyzed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to identify spores of fungi. Phytopathogenic microorganisms were found in all sectioned parts.
Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os parâmetros biológicos e a tabela de vida de fertilidade da broca-do-morangueiro (Lobiopa insularis) criada em dieta artificial à base de frutos de morangueiro, em condições de laboratório. A duração e a viabilidade média dos períodos embrionário, larval, pupal e ovo-adulto foram de: 4,1±1,5 dias e 80,6%; 22,2±5,0 dias e 60%; 10,8±2,3 dias e 90%; e 37,1±8,8 dias e 43,5%, respectivamente. Os períodos de pré-oviposição, oviposição e pós-oviposição foram de 96±18,9, 133±27,5 e 77±16,3 dias. A longevidade de machos (271±20,7 dias) foi menor do que a de fêmeas (318±14,9 dias). Há potencial de utilização de dieta artificial à base de morangos para a multiplicação da broca-do-morangueiro em laboratório.Termos para indexação: Fragaria x ananassa, Lobiopa insularis, Coleoptera, ecologia, Nitidulidae, Rosaceae. Biology and fertility life table of strawberry sap beetle reared on artificial dietAbstract -The objective of this work was to determine the biological parameters and fertility life table of the strawberry sap beetle (Lobiopa insularis) reared on artificial diet in laboratory conditions. The duration and the average viability of the embryonic, larval, pupal, and egg-to-adult periods were: 4.1±1.5 days and 80.6%; 22.2±5.0 days and 60%; 10.8±2.3 days and 90%; and 37.1±8.8 days and 43.5%, respectively. The pre-oviposition, oviposition, and post-oviposition periods were 96±18.9, 133±27.5, and 77±16.3 days. The longevity of males (271±20.7 days) was lower than that of females (318±14.9 days). There is potential for using artificial diet based on strawberries for the multiplication of the strawberry sap beetle in laboratory.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.