Evaluation of Food Lures for Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) Captured in a Citrus Orchard of the Serra Gaúcha

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 5 food lures for fruit fly monitoring in citrus orchards in the municipality of Pinto Bandeira, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, from Nov 2012 to Oct 2013. Food lures included: 1) CeraTrap™ (undiluted), 2) Torula™ (6 tablets of 3 g/L), 3) BioAnastrepha (5%), 4) 10% corn syrup, and 5) 25% red grape juice (control). The lures were replaced weekly with the exception of CeraTrap™, which was replaced every 45 d. McPhail traps were baited with 300 mL of each food lure, and the traps were placed 10 m apart at the edge of the orchard. Traps were rotated weekly to prevent any bias in treatment location. Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) was the species with the greatest mean number of fruit fly adults per trap per day (FTD), with 7.8, 2.8, 2.6, 1.7, and 0.9 FTD for the food lures CeraTrap™, Torula™, BioAnastrepha, corn syrup, and grape juice, respectively. CeraTrap™ lured A. fraterculus in amounts above the economic threshold (0.5 FTD) over 73% of the study period, whereas Torula™, BioAnastrepha, corn syrup, and grape juice lured A. fraterculus in amounts above the control level for 28, 20, 11, and 6% of the study period, respectively. Thus, the hydrolyzed protein CeraTrap™ showed the highest efficacy for fruit fly monitoring in the citrus orchard.

Spatial and temporal distribution of South American fruit fly in vineyards

“…Of the 2,382 Tephritidae specimens collected in the current study, all insects belonged to the genus Anastrepha Schiner and were identified as Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedmann, 1830), corroborating other studies carried out in Southern Brazil (Nava & Botton, 2010;Garcia & Norrbom, 2011;Nunes et al, 2012;Dias et al, 2013;Pereira-Rêgo et al, 2013;Bortoli et al, 2016).…”

“…In the neighboring properties, there were peach Prunus persica L. Batsch (Rosaceae) and grape Vitis spp. L. (Vitaceae) commercial orchards allowing the fruit fly occurrence and development (Garcia & Norrbom, 2011;Bortoli et al, 2016). In this case, the species would carry out migratory movements between the forest plants towards the vineyard.…”

Toxicity and residual effects of toxic baits with spinosyns on the South American fruit fly

“…In general, food lures used for the management of fruit flies are based on a combination of hydrolyzed protein (attractant) with sugar (phagostimulant), which stimulates the insects to search for and ingest the bait (Nestel et al, 2004;Bortoli et al, 2016). Baits that contained this mixture at the same concentration resulted in a higher mortality and lower LT 95 than with Success 0.02 CB which, in addition to the lethal agent spinosad, contains a mixture of sugar, protein, ammonium acetate, and other ingredients (Yee & Chapmamn, 2005), as well as hydrolyzed proteins of vegetable origin.…”

Capture of Melon Flies and Oriental Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Traps Baited with Torula Yeast-Borax or CeraTrap in Hawaii

“…While the food bait used in Texas and Florida programs is a dry synthetic blend of food attractants (ammonium acetate and putrescine alone or in combination with trimethylamine), the food bait used in the California fruit fly detection system is an aqueous solution of hydrolyzed torula yeast-borax pellets (Burditt 1982;Scentry Biologicals Inc., Billings, Montana, USA). Recently, an alternative liquid bait derived from enyzymatic hydrolyzed animal protein, and known commercially as CeraTrap (Bioibérica, Barcelona, Spain), has been developed and found to be more attractive than the standard hydrolyzed yeast to the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Shelly & Kurashima 2016) and various Anastrepha species (e.g., Lasa et al 2015;Bortoli et al 2016).…”