Abstrak (156,8 ± 33,1 vs 116,03 ± 5,66) . Begitu pula dengan konsentrasi VEGF pada kelompok anaerobik konsentrasi tertinggi terjadi pada hari pertama (36,37 ± 2,35), sedangkan pada kelompok aerobik konsentrasi VEGF tertinggi terjadi pada hari ke-3 (40,66 ± 1,73). Terdapat korelasi antara konsentrasi HIF-1α dan konsentrasi VEGF jaringan dengan tingkat korelasi sedang (r = 0,59) pada kelompok aerobik dan korelasi yang kuat pada kelompok anaerobik (r = 0,69). Kesimpulan: Aktivitas fisik aerobik dan anaerobik mengakibatkan peningkatan konsentrasi HIF-1α dan VEGF AbstractBackground: Exercise increases the need for oxygen to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. If the high energy demand during exercise is not balanced by sufficient oxygen supply, hypoxia occurs in skeletal muscle tissue leading to upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). The activity of HIF-1α increases the expression of various genes in order to reduce the metabolic dependence on oxygen and to increase oxygen supply to the tissue, e.g., VEGF which plays a role in angiogenesis. In myocardium, it is unlcear whether exercise leads to hypoxia and whether HIF-1α and VEGF play a role in the mechanism of hypoxic adaptation. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of HIF-1α and VEGF in heart muscle tissue of rats during aerobic and anaerobic exercise.

Autonomic and cardiovascular changes were studied when neuromuscular blockade was antagonized in 96 dogs with one of eight anticholinesterase-antimuscarinic drug combinations. Neostigmine (50 or 100 micrograms/kg) was administered before or after atropine (40 micrograms/kg) or glycopyrrolate (10 micrograms/kg). The high dose of neostigmine (100 micrograms/kg) caused bradyarrhythmias, salivation, and signs of bronchosecretion when used with either antimuscarinic agent and irrespective of the administration sequence. The heart rate increased, but not significantly, when atropine was injected before either dose of neostigmine. This did not occur when this administration sequence was reversed. Arrhythmias and cardiovascular and autonomic changes did not occur when glycopyrrolate was injected before or after neostigmine at 50 micrograms/kg.

Senam kaki merupakan latihan yang dilakukan bagi penderita Diabetes Melittus (DM) atau bukan penderita untuk mencegah terjadinya luka dan membantu melancarkan peredaran darah bagian kaki.Perawat sebagai salah satu tim kesehatan, selain berperan dalam memberikan edukasi kesehatan juga dapat berperan dalam membimbing penderita DM untuk melakukan senam kaki sampai dengan penderita dapat melakukan senam kaki secara mandiri. Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat dengan judul ”Pelatihan Senam Kaki Pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Dalam Upaya Pencegahan Komplikasi Diabetes Pada Kaki (Diabetes Foot)” telah dilaksanakan.di desa Indralaya Mulya. Dari kegiatan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa seluruh peserta (100%) mengetahui tujuan dilakukannya senam kaki, mengetahui manfaat senam kaki, mengetahui indikasi dan kontraindikasi senam kaki dan antusias, perhatian serta aktif selama kegiatan pelatihan senam kaki.

Latar belakang: Aktivitas fisik sangat dianjurkan dalam program pencegahan, pengobatan, dan rehabilitasi, yang bertujuan untuk mempromosikan kesehatan khususnya kesehatan kardiovaskular. Selain meningkatkan fungsi jantung, ternyata aktivitas fisik juga dapat mengakibatkan kematian mendadak. Pada atlet kematian mendadak sering kali terjadi saat pertandingan olahraga dengan penyebab terbanyak adalah infark miokard. Diduga, pola latihan tanpa hari istirahat turut berperan dalam terjadinya kerusakan otot jantung dan kematian mendadak dalam pertandingan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari adaptasi otot jantung terhadap aktivitas fisik aerobik dan anaerobik yang dilakukan setiap hari tanpa hari istirahat. Metode: Jaringan otot jantung berasal dari tikus yang diberi aktivitas fisik aerobik dan anaerobik menggunakan treadmill selama 1,3,7 dan 10 hari tanpa hari istirahat. Kemudian dilakukan analisis gas darah dan pemeriksaan hematologi sebagai parameter hipoksia dan adaptasi sistemik tubuh terhadap aktivitas fisik, dan gambaran histopatologi otot jantung sebagai parameter terjadinya kerusakan sel otot jantung. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas fisik aerobik dan anaerobik mengakibatkan terjadinya hipoksia sistemik dan menimbulkan respon adaptasi. Kerusakan sel otot jantung terjadi pada hari ke-10 pada kedua kelompok perlakuan, dengan tingkat kerusakan yang lebih berat pada kelompok aktivitas fisik anaerobik. Tingkat protein jaringan pada kelompok anaerobik meningkat secara progresif pada hari ke-10. Kesimpulan: Aktivitas fisik mengakibatkan terjadinya hipoksia dan adaptasi sistemik. Aktivitas fisik aerobik dan anaerobik yang dilakukan selama 10 hari tanpa hari istirahat mengakibatkan kerusakan sel otot jantung.

BACKGROUND: Memory function disorder is a major health problem in geriatric patients. Physical exercise has the potency to decrease the incidence of many degenerative and chronic health problem, related to cognitive deterioration (dementia). AIM: This research aimed to observe the effect of physical exercise in various doses and duration on memory function by analysing the role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as a regulatory protein affected by exercise. METHODS: This was an analytical observational study with a cohort design. Thirty participants were included in each group, classified as exercise and non-exercise group. The exercise was in the form of jogging for at least fifteen minutes every day. The observation was done for sixty days. Cognitive function assessment was done by using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire. Meanwhile, the BDNF level was assessed by ELISA. Statistical analysis was done using Independent T-test. RESULTS: Exercise group showed better MMSE score (28.56 ± 1.76), and a higher concentration of BDNF (235.34 ± 12.56 pg/mL), both were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Physical exercise was able to maintain geriatric cognitive function performance by BDNF protein regulation.

BACKGROUND: Depression is very common in the elderly population. Physical exercise is one of the non-pharmacological procedures that promise to be a solution to improve the severity of depression. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) plays a role in maintaining the survival of neuronal cells and in the regulation of synapse plasticity, affecting serotonin production in the hippocampus and thus the depressive symptoms. AIM: This study aimed to assess the role of physical exercise in affecting BDNF levels in elderly with depression. METHODS: Thirty-five elderly women (age ≥ 50 years) with depressive episodes based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-V criteria were enrolled as treatment group, and 35 elderly women without depressive episodes were enrolled as control group, and underwent physical exercise in the form of treadmill with a speed of 6 km/h for 15 minutes. Physical exercise was carried out once a day for 28 days. As much as 1 ml of blood from the study, subjects were obtained from the cubital vein before the exercise commenced. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) serum level was assessed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Data were presented in the form of mean ± SD. An independent T-test was used to test levels after exercise in the depression group compared to the non-depression group. RESULTS: Pre-exercise BDNF levels in the depression group were lower than the group of elderly without depression. Physical exercise increased BDNF production in both elderly groups with and without depression. In the depression group, the increasing percentage of BDNF level was higher compared to non-depressive elderly. CONCLUSION: The increasing percentage of BDNF level was found to be higher in depressive elderly performing physical exercise. Physical exercise may be beneficial in supporting the therapy of elderly with depression.

Pada saat kehamilan, terjadi peningkatan kebutuhan zat besi (Fe) yang diperlukan untuk meningkatkan jumlah sel darah merah ibu dan membentuk sel darah merah janin dan plasenta. Apabila kebutuhan zat besi ini tidak terpenuhi, akan terjadi anemia defisiensi besi. Ibu hamil yang tinggal di daerah endemis malaria rentan terinfeksi malaria, yang berdampak terhadap anemia pada kehamilan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran profil zat besi pada ibu hamil yang berada di daerah endemis malaria vivax kota Bengkulu. Pemeriksaan mikroskopis malaria dan pengambilan sampel darah dilakukan untuk pemeriksaan profil zat besi terhadap 55 orang ibu hamil trimester II dan III yang mempunyai riwayat malaria di 5 wilayah kerja puskesmas. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dilakukan analisis univariat. Pada ibu hamil yang tidak terinfeksi malaria tetapi mempunyai riwayat malaria, 90,5% mengalami anemia, 41,5% mengalami penurunan kadar Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), dan 17% mengalami penurunan kadar Fe serum. Ibu hamil yang terinfeksi malaria vivax selain terjadi penurunan kadar hemoglobin juga disertai dengan penurunan kadar Fe serum dan kadar TIBC. Pada ibu hamil yang menderita malaria falsiparum, terjadi penurunan kadar hemoglobin (Hb) dan kadar TIBC tetapi tidak disertai dengan penurunan kadar Fe serum. Ibu hamil yang terinfeksi malaria maupun yang mempunyai riwayat terinfeksi malaria mengalami anemia pada kehamilan.During pregnancy, the need of iron increase significantly. Iron is needed for increasing the amount of mother’s red blood cell and form the red blood cell of fetus and placenta. If this iron needs is not fulfilled, it could cause iron deficiency anemia. Pregnant women who live in endemic malaria will be vulnerable to be infected malaria, and will cause anemia in pregnancy. This research was aimed to know iron profile in pregnant women that live in endemic malaria area. Malaria microscopic examination and blood sampling for examination of iron profile in 55 pregnant women trimester II and III who have a history of malaria in 5 working area health centers. The data obtained was then performed univariate analysis. The results showed pregnant women who have malaria history, 90.5% are suffering anemia, decreasing of Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) level (41.5%) and 17% Fe serum level (17%). Pregnant women who are infected vivax malaria not only experiencing decrease of hemoglobin level but also experiencing decrease of Fe serum level and TIBC level, while pregnant woman who suffers from falciparum malaria haemoglobin (Hb) level and TIBC are decreasing but not in serum Fe levels. Pregnant women with history of malaria infection will suffer from anemia during pregnancy.

During physical activity, oxygen reduction leading to hypoxia affects brain cell metabolisms, induces stabilization of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) and up-regulate Vesicular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). This study aimed to investigate the correlation of HIF-1α and VEGF of brain tissue in male wistar rat after anaerobic exercise. Twenty four rats were divided into four groups: control, 1x, 3x and 7x in a week of anaerobic exercise. A rat treadmill was used at speed 35 m minG 1 , 20 min for every anaerobic exercise. The HIF-1α and VEGF level were measured by ELISA. The correlation between HIF-1α and VEGF was analyzed using Pearson test. The HIF-1α and VEGF level increased in 1x and 3x a week of anaerobic exercise. The highest HIF-1α and VEGF level were observed in 1x a week of anaerobic exercise. Pearson test between HIF-1α and VEGF showed r = 0.709 and p = 0.000. These findings showed that HIF-1α and VEGF are correlated and anaerobic exercise affects HIF-1α and VEGF level.