In this study we describe the epidemiology, clinical signs, and pathology of an outbreak of avian aspergillosis in alternative breeding in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Between the fifth and tenth day of life, 360 chicks from a flock of 4000 developed unspecific clinical signs and died. The birds were housed in a reused aviary litter, without previous treatment. In 11 six-day-old female ISA Brown chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus), necropsy revealed firm, yellowish-white, multinodular lesions extending from the pleura to the lung parenchyma. Histologically, a granulomatous, multifocal to coalescent pneumonia was observed. Granulomas were characterized by central necrosis, with heterophil and epithelioid macrophage infiltration and presence of countless Y-shaped intralesional septate hyphae morphologically compatible with Aspergillus spp. The diagnosis through isolation confirmed Aspergillus fumigatus. We highlight the importance of aspergillosis as a primary cause of diseases in the respiratory tract of young birds in alternative breeding. Measures to prevent aspergillosis mainly regarding the reuse of aviary litter are essential in poultry husbandry to prevent economic losses, reduce environmental contamination and mitigate the potential risk to public health.

RESUMO: Babesiose cerebral é uma enfermidade causada pelo protozoário Babesia bovis. O agente faz parte do complexo Tristeza Parasitária Bovina, uma das mais importantes doenças parasitárias em bovinos. O presente estudo relata um surto causado por B. bovis em vinte bezerros de aproximadamente 7 a 25 dias de idade. O surto ocorreu entre março e junho de 2015, na região sul do Brasil, área de instabilidade enzoótica para a Tristeza Parasitária Bovina. O diagnóstico foi realizado pela epidemiologia, lesões macroscópicas e pela presença de numerosas formas parasitárias de Babesia bovis em capilares encefálicos, observados em imprints corados por Giemsa. Surtos de babesiose por B. bovis cerebral nos primeiros dias de vida de bezerros é incomum, porém não pode ser desconsiderada em surtos com alta letalidade em áreas de instabilidade enzoótica.

Este trabalho descreve as enfermidades de suínos diagnosticadas no período de 1978 a2015 em propriedades de criação de subsistência na região sul do Brasil. No período do estudo 507 materiais de suínos foram encaminhados ao Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. As principais doenças diagnosticadas foram divididas em bacterianas com 28,4% (144/507); virais com 5,1% (26/507); parasitárias com 3,7% (19/507); intoxicações e micotoxicoses com 2,1% (11/507); e carências com 2% (10/507) dos casos. As condições diversas/doenças de etiologia indeterminada representaram 41,4% (210/507) dos casos; e os diagnósticos inconclusivos totalizaram 17% (86/507) dos casos. As enfermidades mais frequentemente observadas em suínos na região foram as doenças infecciosas com destaque para as causadas por bactérias. Dentre as doenças bacterianas, o agente mais comumente envolvido foi Escherichia coli diagnosticado em 11% (56/507) dos casos, sendo a doença do edema a mais prevalente, com 7,9% (40/507). Ressalta-se a necessidade de identificar as enfermidades que afetam suínos em criações de subsistência, pois estas diferem das observadas em sistema de criação intensivo.

Hydatidosis and cysticercosis are parasitoses caused by the larval forms of the cestodes Equinococcus spp. and Taenia spp., which belong to the Taeniidae family. Their definitive hosts are canids and humans, respectively, with ruminants as the intermediate hosts and humans as an accidental host of both diseases. These parasites are responsible for large economic losses in slaughterhouses due to condemnation of carcasses and by-products. The present study reports the mean incidence rates of hydatidosis and cysticercosis in cattle slaughtered in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The incidence rates observed between 2013 and 2016 were 19.96% and 0.9%, respectively, with decreased tendency of occurrence of both diseases in those years. Despite the downward tendency of the diseases, hydatidosis presented high incidence. Hydatidosis performance over the years was characterized by significant increase in the number of cases, followed by marked decrease. Cysticercosis presented a decrease in number of cases at the beginning and the end of each year. These diseases have a significant socioeconomic impact as they are responsible for large losses in the livestock industry, due to reduced productivity and carcass condemnation, and represent a risk to public health.

Linfoma é a neoplasia linfo-hematopoiética mais frequente em cães, e uma das mais quimiorresponsivas na medicina veterinária, portanto o tratamento geralmente é baseado em protocolos quimioterápicos, associados ou não, a ressecção cirúrgica. Na forma alimentar, é pouco comum em cães e caracteriza-se pela localização no trato gastrointestinal e/ou linfonodos mesentéricos e aqueles não tratados vivem entre quatro a seis semanas após o início dos sinais clínicos ou diagnóstico. Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o tratamento cirúrgico de um cão jovem com linfoma intestinal obstrutivo, que após enterectomia do segmento acometido, obteve diagnóstico histopatológico. Mesmo com a prescrição de quimioterapia, o tutor optou pelo tratamento de suporte apenas e o paciente teve sobrevida de oito semanas.

Pythiosis is a rapidly progressing disease that can be lethal to affected individuals due to resistance to available therapeutic protocols. The disease affects mammals, with the largest number of reports in horses and humans. The present study investigated the activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles (bioAgNP) in the treatment of experimental pythiosis. The disease was reproduced in nine female 90-day-old New Zealand rabbits. Animals were divided into three groups: group1 (control, n = 3) daily and topically treated with a nonionized gel-based formulation and 1 ml of sterile distilled water intralesion administered every 48 hours; group 2 (n = 3), daily and topically treated with gel-based formulation containing 1 μg/ml bio-AgNP; group 3 (n = 3), treated with 1 ml bio-AgNP in 1 μg/ml aqueous solution intralesion administered every 48 hours. Animals were treated for 45 days, and the area of subcutaneous lesions was measured every 5 days. Results showed that groups 2 and 3 differed from control group (P < .05) in the lesion area, as well as the amount of hyphae within the lesions. It was observed that lesions of treated animals (groups 2 and 3) did not differ from each other, showing that the application route did not influence the regression of lesions. However, it was observed that one animal from group 2 reached clinical cure at 35 days of treatment. This research is pioneer in the application of nanocomposites for the treatment of experimental pythiosis and showed that bio-AgNP can be powerful allies of integrative medicine and can be included in pythiosis therapeutic protocols.

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