The domain of science that would witness the greatest exponential contribution of articial intelligence in near future is health care. Improved health care efciency in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis would be the end result. There is great potential of articial intelligence in future directions in cardiovascular imaging. Genotype is a great inuence on disease risk. Identication and characterization of genetic variants is one domain where AI shows great promise. Variant interpretation is one of the key challenges in genetic sequencing. Heterogeneity, low delity and integration difculties stalk the traditional statistical approaches in this eld. High resolution whole organ models and genome wide approaches nally unravel tackling points in interaction of environment with genes, making cardiovascular disease prevention or even auto engineered organs an ultimate reality. Improved access to health and well-being empowers both patients and the physician with reliable access and assistance that intelligently supports clinical decision-making would be the greatest benet. Data analysis with predictive potential would enhance patient safety and preventive medicine and cardiovascular disease that causes the greatest mortality would be the greatest beneciary
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells widely distributed in the bone marrow, umbilical cord, fat, and other tissues and have high proliferation, multi-differentiation, and immunoregulatory abilities. They can inhibit the proliferation of immune cells and the secretion of inammatory factors [26]. Compared with MSCs from other sources, human umbilical cord MSCs (hUCMSCs) have many advantages, such as a wide source, easy access to materials, strong proliferation ability, low immunogenicity, and great differentiation potential. They are most likely to become pluripotent stem cells with clinical application prospects. Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells – WJMSC- provide three classic advantages – ease of collection with no legal or ethical issues, high differentiating potential and low immunogenicity. Shorter doubling time (21) and an extensive ex vivo expansion capacity provides yet another privileged status to these cells compared with embryonic stem cells. Therapeutic potential of these cells lie in their immuno-modulatory properties involving both innate and adaptive immunity. Graft vs Host disease (GvHD), Post transplant scenarios and autoimmune disorders could witness a revolution in treatment approach with greater understanding of the mechanism action of these cells. Regenerative medicine should get an immense benet from proper understanding and utilization of these cells.
Donor organ shortage has been the Achilles heel of organ transplantation programmes. Bioprinted organs promise to bridge the gap and provide succor to this group of patients. Fusion of disciplines relating to cell biology, bioinformatics, physics, geneticists and material science could well make commercially available human organs a reality in near future. Biofabricated tissues have made a promising entry in this region augmenting our hopes on this technology to provide human organs in future too. Key materials that would be the limiting links in this journey to commercial success and viability would be recombinant protein biolinks, maturation and other growth factors.
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are proteins or lipids that become glycated after exposure to sugars. AGEs may modify the extracellular matrix (ECM); modify the action of hormones, cytokines, and free radicals via engagement of cell surface receptors; and impact the function of intracellular proteins..AGEs block nitric oxide activity in the endothelium and cause the production of reactive oxygen species. AGEs cause microvascular and macrovascular complications by formation of cross-links between molecules in the basement membrane of the extracellular matrix and by engaging the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Activation of RAGE by AGEs causes upregulation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB and its target genes. AGEs can be formed either endogenously or exogenously. Endogenously, advanced glycation takes place in all cell types via the Maillard reaction between reducing sugars and amino residues present in proteins, lipids, and DNA, resulting in loss of protein structure and function followed in some instances by cellular apoptosis. Transition to plant based antioxidant diet with traditional Indian cooking methods seems to confer multitude of health benets.
On March 11 2020 WHO declares corona viral disease as a global pandemic .COVID 19 pandemic has taken the world by storm and many countries like India is now experiencing a second surge due to mutant strains. Global health emergency has been precipitated by this corona virus disease caused by SARS CoV2.Acute and intermediate effects on cardiovascular system are becoming obvious with progression of time. SARS-CoV-2-related endothelial dysfunction results in an augmented risk for venous thromboembolism, systemic vasculitis, endothelial cell apoptosis, and inammation in various organs. Acute infections have troponin elevation more due to indirect cardiac damage though denite patterns of direct damage do exist. Intermediate evaluation in patients with resolved infections shows increased incidence of exercise induced arrhythmias and residual cardiovascular symptoms. The virus with its zoonotic origin based upon its genomic identity to bat derived SARS corona virus has a human to human transmission mode.ACE 2 receptors facilitate cellular entry and has been implicated in direct and indirect myocardial damage. Myocarditis, acute myocardial injury, arrhythmias and thromboembolism dominates the clinical picture. Role of imaging must be dened in relation to relevant clinical ndings. With arrival of vaccine and widespread vaccination global programs, we can look forward to understanding and managing long term complications of this disease. Prognostic implications of a resolved disease need to be evaluated by future studies.
Primary goal of this project was to design an effortless retractor for atraumatic bowel protection/retractor for deep pelvic surgeries with MRI assessment for normal human anatomical range of pelvic dimensions and bowel volume dimensions and AI enabled design
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