Update on Cardiovascular Implications of Covid 19

Abstract

On March 11 2020 WHO declares corona viral disease as a global pandemic .COVID 19 pandemic has taken the world by storm and many countries like India is now experiencing a second surge due to mutant strains. Global health emergency has been precipitated by this corona virus disease caused by SARS CoV2.Acute and intermediate effects on cardiovascular system are becoming obvious with progression of time. SARS-CoV-2-related endothelial dysfunction results in an augmented risk for venous thromboembolism, systemic vasculitis, endothelial cell apoptosis, and inammation in various organs. Acute infections have troponin elevation more due to indirect cardiac damage though denite patterns of direct damage do exist. Intermediate evaluation in patients with resolved infections shows increased incidence of exercise induced arrhythmias and residual cardiovascular symptoms. The virus with its zoonotic origin based upon its genomic identity to bat derived SARS corona virus has a human to human transmission mode.ACE 2 receptors facilitate cellular entry and has been implicated in direct and indirect myocardial damage. Myocarditis, acute myocardial injury, arrhythmias and thromboembolism dominates the clinical picture. Role of imaging must be dened in relation to relevant clinical ndings. With arrival of vaccine and widespread vaccination global programs, we can look forward to understanding and managing long term complications of this disease. Prognostic implications of a resolved disease need to be evaluated by future studies.

The impact of human-wildlife conflict on biodiversity conservation in India

“…However, in recent decades, the country has witnessed rapid and unprecedented changes in its socio-economic, political, and environmental landscape, such as urbanization, industrialization, globalization, democratization, and climate change (Rangarajan & Shahabuddin, 2006) [14] . These changes have resulted in increased human-wildlife interactions and conflicts across different regions, species, and contexts (Chauhan et al, 2019; Padmakumar & Murugan, 2022) [2,12] . HWC is one of the greatest threats to wildlife species and their habitats in India, as well as a major challenge for the well-being and livelihoods of rural communities (Karanth et al, 2013) [8] .…”