Background:Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. CRC vary on the basis of both the biologic features of the disease and its associated lifestyle characteristics. The risk of CRC increases with several modifiable factors including obesity, physical inactivity, a diet high in red or processed meat, heavy alcohol consumption, and possibly inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables. We aimed to establish a baseline data for dietary and lifestyle characteristics of Omani adults diagnosed with CRC.Methods:A Case control study conducted at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, a referral hospital for CRC patients in Oman, and included 279 subjects (109 diagnosed CRC cases and 170 matched controls). All study subjects were recruited on volunteer basis and personally interviewed for preset questions related to sociodemographic data, anthropometric assessment, dietary intake and physical activity.Results:There was no significant difference between cases and controls regarding smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity and dietary fiber intake. However the enrolled cases were more overweight (OR =3.27. 95% CI: 1.91, 7.27), and, had a higher caloric (p =0.001) and macronutrient intake (carbohydrate: p = 0.001; protein: p = 0.017; saturated fat: P = 0.034) than the controls. In addition, the dietary pattern of the cases was characterized by a trend towards low vegetables and fruits intake.Conclusion:CRC maybe prevented through dietary management of high risk groups. This primary prevention approach will ultimately reduce the burden of CRC in Oman.

Objective To evaluate nurses' knowledge of oral solid dosage forms that should not be crushed at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH), Oman, the methods used in crushing and the references consulted prior to crushing. Method A questionnaire‐based study of a convenience sample of nurses in inpatient practice areas of SQUH, Oman, from 14 to 21 of November 2012. Key findings  One hundred twenty‐six (76.51%) of nurses regularly crushed oral solids for patients who are unable to swallow. Eighty‐seven point thirty per cent (145) are aware that there are some specially formulated oral solids that should not be crushed, but only 38% (63) could correctly indicate how such medications can be recognised. Only half of nurses check the pharmaceutical characteristics of oral solids before crushing. When multiple medications are prescribed for a patient who cannot swallow, 42.16% (70) crush all together and mix with some water before giving to the patient. Five point seven per cent (10) of nurses put on personal protective equipment all the time before crushing, 26.58% (27) rarely and 25.95% (49) never do. Sixty‐nine point three per cent (115) consult their pharmacist when they are in doubt about crushing. Conclusions Crushing of oral solid dosage forms was common among nurses in SQUH. There were knowledge deficits regarding special formulations that should not be crushed. When oral solids were crushed, attention to possible drug–drug, drug–food interactions, contamination and safety was overlooked. Majority of nurses consulted their pharmacist when in doubt about crushing. Further research is required to see if collaboration among nurses and pharmacists would improve this practice.

Background. Epidemiologic findings on the effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its treatment on colorectal cancer (CRC) survival have been inconsistent and have not been previously studied in an Arab population such as the Omani population. Patients and Methods. Data from the hospital records of 301 CRC patients treated in Sultan Qaboos University (SQUH), Oman, from 2006 to 2014 were analyzed retrospectively to determine the effects of MetS and its treatment on CRC survival. Overall survival (OS) by MetS status and by medications for MetS components management was compared with Cox proportional models. Results. Of the 301 patients, 76 (25.2%) had MetS, 20.3% were on insulin, 23.9% were on metformin, 25.6% took statins, 17.9% were on either angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). Whereas metformin (HR, 0.46, 95% CI, 0.25-0.84) and statins (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35-0.96) had a protective effect on OS, insulin (HR 1.73, 95% CI, 1.02-2.97) had a detrimental effect. In subgroup analysis of diabetic subjects, a nonsignificant improvement in OS was observed in the metformin treated patients compared to those on other hypoglycemic agents (HR, 0.92, 95% CI, 0.55-1.55). Neither MetS nor antihypertensive drugs had any apparent effect on OS. Conclusions. Our result suggests that, among CRC patients with MetS, taking metformin and statins may improve overall survival, whereas being on insulin may negatively impact CRC prognosis. Further studies are warranted to determine the exact mechanism through which metformin, statins, and insulin exert their effects on CRC survival.

This study suggests a high incidence of CIN in SQUH patients which resulted in chemotherapy delays, longer hospital stays, and inpatient mortality. CIN was significantly correlated with chemotherapy regimen, younger age, low Hb levels and cancer stage.

Latar Belakang: Manajemen jalan napas merupakan aspek penting dalam anestesiologi. Alat bantu napas yang sering digunakan adalah laringeal mask airway (LMA). Beberapa penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mencari teknik yang dapat meningkatkan angka keberhasilan insersi LMA dan mengurangi komplikasi. Teknik insersi LMA triple airway maneuver (TAM) dan teknik laringoskopi merupakan teknik insersi yang sering dipakai dalam paktik sehari-hari namun keunggulan kedua tehnik ini perlu diketahui lebih lanjut.Tujuan: Mengetahui perbandingan keberhasilan dan profil hemodinamik insersi LMA klasik antara teknik TAM dengan teknik laringoskopi.Metode: Randomized post test only and comparison group design dilakukan di kamar bedah RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang pada bulan April 2019-Mei 2019 sampai jumlah sampel terpenuhi. Didapatkan total 62 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok teknik TAM dan teknik laringoskopi. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji t-tidak berpasangan dan Chi-square test (p<0,05) dengan SPSS® versi 25.00.Hasil: Keberhasilan pemasangan LMA klasik dengan menggunakan teknik laringoskopi pada usaha pertama dan kecepatan insersi dengan teknik laringoskopi lebih baik daripada teknik TAM (p<0,05). Profil hemodinamik rerata tekanan sistolik pada teknik laringoskopi lebih rendah daripada teknik TAM (p<0,05), namun rerata tekanan diastolik, MAP, dan detak jantung tidak ada perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05). Selain itu ditemukan keluhan sakit tenggorokan (22,6%) dan bercak darah pada LMA pasca ekstubasi (16,1%) pada teknik TAM.Kesimpulan: Keberhasilan dan tekanan darah sistolik pada teknik laringoskopi lebih baik daripada teknik TAM.

Introduction: The mortality rate from sepsis is much greater than that from acute coronary syndrome or stroke. Uncontrolled release of cytokines (abnormalities in the inflammatory response) such as TNF-α and IL-1, IL-6 can reduce serum albumin level, so that the presence of hypoalbuminemia conditions can indicate how the inflammatory reaction occurs in septic patients. Albumin can be a predictor of mortality in septic patients. This study aims to determine the correlation between serum albumin level and the 28-day mortality of patients with sepsis. Methods: This study is an analytical observational study with a retrospective cohort design. The research was conducted in September 2020 until the completion of data collection at dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang. The sample in this study were all sepsis patients in the intensive care unit who were registered in the Medical Record Installation of dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After the data was collected, analysis was carried out using the STATA program. Results: The serum albumin value ≤ of 2.6 mg / dL on the fourth day was significant with the mortality of septic patients. Patients with a serum albumin value ≤ 2.6 mg / dL had a risk of 1.288 times experiencing death compared to an albumin value> 2.6 mg / dL. Albumin in the fourth day had moderate correlation with sepsis patient mortality (r = 0.497; p = 0.001) Conclusion: Albumin serum on the fourth day had a moderate correlation with 28 days sepsis patient mortality

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Vasospasme cerebral merupakan penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas utama pada pasien dengan perdarahan subarahonid. Delayed ischemic neurologic deficit yang berhubungan dengan vasospasme serebral menyebabkan kematian pada 50% pasien yang bertahan pada periode awal setelah aneurisma ruptur yang ditangani. Onset vasospasme serebral yang bervariasi, mulai dari 24 jam pasca perdarahan subarahnoid atau subarahcnoid hemorrhage (SAH) sampai dengan 14 hari, patofisiologi vasospasme serebral yang kompleks dan cara diagnosis yang masih kontroversial, turut berkontribusi terhadap morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi pada pasien dengan SAH. Evaluasi ketat selama perawatan di ICU untuk mendeteksi kejadian vasospasme serebral awal sangat penting, setiap gejala neurologis baru yang muncul harus diperiksa dan ditangani secepatnya. Banyak obat-obatan yang diteliti untuk mengatasi vasospasme serebral namun efektifitasnya masih dipertanyakan. Tatalaksana utama yang dulu diketahui adalah dengan melakukan terapi triple H, namun hal ini sudah ditinggalkan. Induced hypertension menjadi satu-satunya bagian dari terapi triple H yang masih digunakan, namun belum banyak dipergunakan secara luas. Oleh karena itu perlu dikaji lebih lanjut bagaimana tatalaksana SAH untuk mencegah luaran yang buruk.