Association between Dietary and Lifestyle Indices and Colorectal Cancer in Oman: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

Background:Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. CRC vary on the basis of both the biologic features of the disease and its associated lifestyle characteristics. The risk of CRC increases with several modifiable factors including obesity, physical inactivity, a diet high in red or processed meat, heavy alcohol consumption, and possibly inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables. We aimed to establish a baseline data for dietary and lifestyle characteristics of Omani adults diagnosed with CRC.Methods:A Case control study conducted at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, a referral hospital for CRC patients in Oman, and included 279 subjects (109 diagnosed CRC cases and 170 matched controls). All study subjects were recruited on volunteer basis and personally interviewed for preset questions related to sociodemographic data, anthropometric assessment, dietary intake and physical activity.Results:There was no significant difference between cases and controls regarding smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity and dietary fiber intake. However the enrolled cases were more overweight (OR =3.27. 95% CI: 1.91, 7.27), and, had a higher caloric (p =0.001) and macronutrient intake (carbohydrate: p = 0.001; protein: p = 0.017; saturated fat: P = 0.034) than the controls. In addition, the dietary pattern of the cases was characterized by a trend towards low vegetables and fruits intake.Conclusion:CRC maybe prevented through dietary management of high risk groups. This primary prevention approach will ultimately reduce the burden of CRC in Oman.

Dietary Patterns and Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Index in Southern Brazil and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study

“…A higher prevalence of colon cancer diagnosis compared to the rectum was found in other epidemiological studies, being associated with its extension and longer exposure to dietary carcinogens [8] [22]. In contrast, the lower prevalence of women diagnosed with CRC was also observed in other similar studies [23] [24], attributing the greatest concern with health, in addition to hormonal factors.…”

“…Our findings are similar to other related studies in which CRC patients, compared with controls, rarely consumed fruits and vegetables (OR 20.8), and a tendency to consume red meat 2 -3 times a week (OR 3,8) or more than four times a week (OR 9.4) [8], emphasizing the relationship between dietary pattern and colorectal carcinogenesis. Fresh fruit consumption was also inversely correlated with CRC incidence (p = 0.012) in a study [22].…”

Hospital Prevalence of Colorectal Cancer among Colonoscopy Recipients Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Oman: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Batinah is the second-most populated governerate, and it is a growing hub for business and modern lifestyle. Mafiana et al conducted a case-control study on 279 participants in Oman to establish baseline data for dietary and lifestyle characteristics of Omani adults diagnosed with CRC [21]. e study reported that the enrolled CRC cases consumed lower fruits and vegetables than controls and had higher overall caloric intake.…”

Fusobacterium�nucleatum‑positive colorectal cancer (Review)

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that a diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains is associated with a lower risk of colon cancer compared with Western dietary patterns, which are dominated by red and processed meats (5–7,101). A high-fat diet and overconsumption of red meat may increase the risk of CRC (102–104).…”

“…The pathogenesis of CRC is complex. In terms of environmental factors, epidemiological studies have indicated that high-fat diet, obesity and a western lifestyle increase the risk of CRC (5–7). In terms of genetic factors, the majority of CRC cases exhibit genomic instability, including microsatellite and chromosomal instability (8,9).…”