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A sensitive, accurate electrochemical sensor based on reduced graphene oxide modified carbon paste electrode (RGO/CPE) was developed to measure curcumin levels in human blood serum. The as-prepared electrode (RGO/CPE) was verified to outperform bare carbon paste electrode (CPE), with increased oxidation and reduction peaks at +0.505 V and +0.408 V, respectively. Curcumin measurement was performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. RGO/CPE showed a desirable linear response towards curcumin, within the concentration range of 10-6000 µM; the detection limit (S/N = 3) was 3.183 µM. Moreover, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) were applied to gain further insight into the electrochemical behavior of the proposed electrode. The results revealed that the usage of RGO caused increased sensitivity of the sensor response to curcumin; therefore, RGO/CPE can be considered a promising electrochemical sensor for curcumin determination in human blood serum.

In this research, the high conductivity of nickel chloride solution as well as the ability of nickel ions in establishing particular bonds with curcumin was benefited to fabricate a new electrochemical sensor based on nickel chloride solution modified glassy carbon electrode (NiCl2/GCE) for detection and measurement of curcumin in human blood serum. Atomic force microscope (AFM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods indicated that using nickel chloride solution for the modification of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface had a significant effect on improvement of the electrode performance. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used for quantitative measurement of curcumin, which exhibited the linear response of NiCl2/GCE toward curcumin within the concentration range of 10–600 μM and provided the detection limit of 0.109 μM for curcumin in human blood serum.

Curcumin (CM) is a natural pigment with a crystalline structure and is the most important curcuminoid in turmeric.

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