Hypertension is a major health problem throughout the world, including Indonesia. The use of traditional medicine as part of the treatment of hypertension is increasing in the lastKeywords: pattern of drug use, natural medicine, hypertension ABSTRAK Hipertensi merupakan masalah kesehatan utama di seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Penggunaan obat tradisional sebagai bagian dari pengobatan hipertensi semakin meningkat dalam dekade terakhir. Hal ini disebabkan adanya beberapa faktor, terutama harga obat tradisional yang dianggap lebih murah dengan efek samping yang dianggap lebih sedikit. Penelitian ini mencoba melihat pola penggunaan obat bahan alam sebagai terapi komplementer pada pasien hipertensi di Puskesmas. Penelitian merupakan studi deskriptif yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Sempaja Kota Samarinda pada periode September 2016, dengan mewawancarai 62 pasien hipertensi terkait penggunaan obat bahan alam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 70,9% pasien hipertensi di puskesmas juga menggunakan obat bahan alam. Seluruh pasien menggunakan obat bahan alam yang secara teori memang terbukti menurunkan tekanan darah. Namun demikian tidak ada obat bahan alam yang digunakan termasuk obat herbal terstandar atau fitofarmaka. Hanya 15,2% pasien yang menggunakan obat bahan alam yang sesuai dengan peraturan BPOM tentang kriteria jamu. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan masih perlunya edukasi penggunaan obat bahan alam di masyarakat untuk penatalaksanaan hipertensi.Kata kunci: pola penggunaan obat, obat bahan alam, hipertensi

Background The novel beta-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has infected millions of people globally with high risk among males than females. However, the effect of COVID-19 andrology is still a subject of dispute. We planned to analyze the overall consequences of COVID-19 on semen parameters and male sex hormones. Main text Systematic search was performed on MEDLINE and Scopus database until 11 June 2021. We included observational studies, which reported mean ± standard deviation of the semen parameters and serum sex hormones of those reproductive-aged males recovered from COVID-19 and controls who did not suffered from COVID-19. We used Random-effect model to pool the studies, as heterogeneity was present. The Q test and I2 evaluated heterogeneity. All articles were assessed with their quality and publication bias. We assessed 966 articles for eligibility and found seven eligible studies. These 7 studies included 934 participants with mean age 37.34 ± 10.5 years. Random-effect model meta-analysis showed that men who recovered from COVID-19 had semen parameters less than those who had not suffered from COVID-19. The overall mean difference (MD) [95% confidence interval (CI)] in semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm number, and progressive sperm motility was − 0.20 (− 0.45, 0.05) ml, − 16.59 (− 34.82, 1.65) millions/ml, − 45.44 (− 84.56, − 6.31) millions per ejaculate, − 1.73 (− 8.20, 4.75) percentage respectively. Considering sex hormones, luteinizing hormone and prolactin levels were higher among those recovered with a significant MD (95% CI) of 3.47 (1.59, 5.35)U l−1 and 3.21 (1.71, 4.72)ng ml−1 respectively. Conclusion We found that COVID-19 affects both semen parameters and sexual hormones. However, the mechanism for testicular involvement remains doubtful. Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42021259445

Association between vitamin D and uric acid is complex and might be bidirectional. Our study aimed to determine the bidirectional association between vitamin D and uric acid in adults. Using MEDLINE via PubMed and Scopus, we systematically searched for observational or interventional studies in adults, which assessed the association between serum vitamin D and serum uric acid, extracted the data, and conducted analysis by direct and network meta-analysis. The present review included 32 studies, of which 21 had vitamin D as outcome and 11 had uric acid as outcome. Meta-analysis showed a significant pooled beta coefficient of serum uric acid level on serum 25(OH)D level from 3 studies of 0.512 (95% confidence interval: 0.199, 0.825) and a significant pooled odds ratio between vitamin D deficiency and hyperuricemia of 1.496 (1.141, 1.963). The pooled mean difference of serum 25(OH)D between groups with hyperuricemia and normouricemia was non-significant at 0.138 (−0.430, 0.707) ng/ml, and the pooled mean difference of serum uric acid between categories of 25(OH)D were also non-significant at 0.072 (−0.153, 0.298) mg/dl between deficiency and normal, 0.038 (−0.216, 0.292) mg/dl between insufficiency and normal, and 0.034 (−0.216, 0.283) mg/dl between deficiency and insufficiency. In conclusion, increasing serum uric acid might be associated with increasing 25(OH)D level, while vitamin D deficiency is associated with hyperuricemia. These reverse relationships should be further evaluated in a longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: East Kalimantan, Indonesia, will play a significant geopolitical role as the province has been selected as the location of the future capital city of Indonesia. As a buffer zone to the capital city, there is urgent attention on the preparedness of the cities and regencies in East Kalimantan to respond to emergent infectious disease events such as coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). AIM: The aim of the present study was to descriptively convey information about COVID-19 cases in East Kalimantan during the period of March 18, 2020–April 18, 2020, in terms of the isolation, testing, and tracing mechanisms used. METHODS: The initial distribution of COVID-19 was identified in 5 of 10 districts and is now present in almost all districts except for one very remote regency. RESULTS: The tracing performance of the fast response teams in East Kalimantan during this period was considered satisfactory with a mean of 0.7% of people under observation testing positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and a mean of 14.4% patients under investigations testing positive. The use of rapid tests since March 30, 2020 has improved the detection ability, with confirmed positive cases as a percentage of confirmed negatives increasing from 20.2% to 31.8%. The use of the COVID-19 rapid test was cross-checked with a dengue rapid test to prevent false-positive identification. Confirmed clusters were announced to the public, urging people to respond and report. CONCLUSION: The 1-month progress of COVID-19 cases in East Kalimantan showed a total case fatality rate (CFR) of 1.85%, a closed CFR of 8.3% and a closed case recovery rate of 91.7%.