The measurement of features from the micro-and precision manufacturing industries requires low uncertainties and nano-scale resolution. These are best delivered through ultra precise co-ordinate measuring machines (CMMs). However, current CMMs are often restricted by the relatively large and insensitive probes used. This paper focuses on the assembly challenges of a novel micro-CMM probe. The probe is comprised of a 70 µm glass sphere, attached to a solid tungsten-carbide shaft of diameter less than 100 µm, joined to a piezoelectric flexure structure. The assembly requirements are for positional accuracy of ± 0.5 μm, angle between the shaft and flexure of 90° ± 0.29° and that the components be undamaged by the process. A combined Focused Ion Beam and Scanning Electron Microscope machine (FIB/SEM) with integrated nanoresolution manipulators was used. The investigation has evaluated potential assembly and joining solutions, identified modifications to existing equipment and product design and produced a set of prototypes.
A lack of well defined Design for Microassembly (DF^iA) methodologies to enable an increased transfer of prototypes from the research lab to production on industrial scale has been identified. The main benefit of such a methodology is the adaptation of the design by matching it with microassembly process characteristics. In addition there needs to be a push in metrology equipment to respond to the ongoing trend of miniaturisation, enabling quality assurance for three dimensional products with nanometer scale features. The presented paper addresses these two gaps by utilising a novel DFjuA methodology to enable a state-of-the-art CMM stylus assembly, which is characterised by extremely rigid and challenging requirements. The design of the parts to be assembled is shown. Furthermore the selection of the most suitable assembly equipment is supported. Finally the actual assembly system is described and illustrated as proof of validation.
Stereolithography (SL) technology is the mostly widely used Rapid Prototyping (RP) process in which complex structures are fabricated in a layer-bylayer fashion. Currently Microstereolithography (MSL) is undergoing fast development. In this paper, the development of MSL and its application in micromanufacturing are reviewed. One promising direction for the development of MSL is the assembly-free process, through which a complex structure can be manufactured in a single process thus avoids the extra assembly procedure. With the assembly-free process, the manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced and the manufacturing reliability dramatically improved. The assembly-free process may play an important role in the future fabrication practice.
The 21st century sees significant breakthroughs in fabricating micro devices in the quest of miniaturising. Most micro parts have been manufactured in the range of less than 1mm. However, they are built based on material that is process dependant, resulting in monolithic parts. For example the Integrated Circuits, Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) are silicon based, and on their own do not constitute a complex system that requires various functions. To pursue fully functional and miniaturised complex devices, microassembly is therefore necessary. However, microassembly processes differ from the assembly processes in the macro world. Microassembly encounters sticking effects in parts handling, adhesive forces from electrostatic attraction, van der Walls forces and surface tension [1, 2]. This paper envisions microassembly processes by using an innovative approach. It departs from the traditional assembly process by utilising the Projection Micro Stero Lithography, with a positioning algorithm to assemble micro parts without traditional handling and joining, named in situ microassembly process.
Landas pacu merupakan salah satu komponen terpenting dalam suatu sistem di bandar udara karena landas pacu merupakan tempat beroperasinya pesawat udara melakukan lepas landas maupun mendarat. Efisiensi kinerja landas pacu pada bandar udara dilihat dari berbagai macam faktor pengoperasian yang ada seperti teknologi yang dipakai dan lain lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kapasitas tingkat pelayanan yang berada di runway dan mengetahui karakteristik jenis pesawat udara yang dilayani oleh Bandar Udara Sentani Jayapura. Metode yang di pakai untuk menghitung kapasitas runway menggunakan metode FAA (American Federal Aviation Administration) yang berdasarkan data pergerakan pesawat udara dan karakteristik pesawat udara. Dari hasil perhitungan dengan metode FAA mendapatkan hasil yang sangat berpengaruh yaitu Hourly Capacity Base yang berlandaskan dari data Mix Index. Hasil analilis 5 tahun mendatang yaitu tahun 2023 didapatkan hasil pergerakan pesawat udara pada jam sibuk (Peak Hour) sebanyak 58 pergerakan per jam dan 67131 pergerakan pesawat udara per tahunya, dan memiliki hasil Critical Landing Space 1.03 menit per pesawat udara melakukan pergerakan di landas pacu, Hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa kapasitas bandar udara Sentani Jayapura mengalami kapasitas yang sangat jenuh.
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still a public health problem in Indonesia. The number of sufferers and the area of their distribution is increasing along with the increasing mobility and population density. The purpose of this study was to compare the number of eggs trapped in the ovitrap using rainwater and PDAM water. This type of research was a quasi-experimental design with a post-test-only design. Determination of the sampling location was done by determining the point of the house of DHF sufferers and their surroundings. The total number of eggs trapped in the ovitrap was 3829 eggs. The number of rainwater ovitraps (2279) traps more Aedes spp mosquito eggs than PDAM water ovitraps (1553). Ovitrap index of 61% in this study was included in the level 4 category or high above 40%. The results of the Mann-Whitney analysis with p-value = 0.637 > 0.05 means that it did not showed a significant difference between the number of eggs trapped in the rainwater ovitrap and PDAM water. There was no difference in the average number of eggs in rainwater and PDAM water ovitrap media. The community of RT 2 and RT 3 RW 1 are expected to always carry out the Mosquito Nest Eradication (PSN) movement at least once a week to reduce the proliferation of the DHF vector.
This research is inspired by the phenomenon of some teenagers who do not joined in the recitation is takes place in the mosque, then the lack of interest in the youth who do not joined in the recitation is caused by some teenagers are lazy with younger children, some of them feel that they have been able to attend the recitation, many of students school task that must be completed quickly. This study used qualitative research methods. The key informants in this study were the qur’an teacher and the children in Pidung Village. The validity of data used triangulation techniques to test the validity of data related to the research problem being studied by researcher. Then, to analyse the data, the resercher was used data reduction, Data display and verification and conclusion drawing. The results of study showed that the strategy da’wah of Qur’an Teacher to the teenagers at Pidung Village were as follows: 1) Sentimental strategy, this strategy focuses on aspects of the heart and moves feelings by giving good advice with gentleness. This strategy is usually used by Qur’an teacher in giving the tausiah. 2) Rational strategy, this strategy focuses on aspects of the mind to encourage the Qur’an teacher students thought rationlaly, anticipate and take lessons. This strategy is used by discussing or telling the stories. 3) Sensory strategy, which is this strategy focuses on to aspects of five senses and follows to the results of research and experiments. This strategy is used by religious practice and exemplary.
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