The clavicle is an unusual long bone with many unique embiyologic features. It is often involved in congenital and acquired disorders. Traumatic, inflammato,y, neoplastic, metabollc and many other miscellaneous lesions may also affect the bone. Because of its Ilgamentous attachments and the presence ofarticulations at both ends, the clavicle can also be involved in arthrffic diseases. This article Illustrates the radiographic manifestations ofmany ofthe disorders of the clavicle that are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Normal epiphysis at the medial end of the clavicle in an 18 year old woman The clavicle: Normal and abnormal Kumar et al.
tlons are diseasespecific and when recognized on radiographs, make correct diagnosis possible. I I Figure 1 Schematic drawing depicting the development of normal and abnormal vertebral bodies. The vertebral body: Acquired and congenital disorders Kumar et al.
A 20-year experience with acute and recurrent suppurative parotitis involving 46 children is described, and the pertinent literature is reviewed. Acute suppurative parotitis (a single attack) occurs in the newborn period, sporadically throughout the remainder of childhood, and in association with terminal illnesses. Recurrent suppurative parotitis occurs throughout childhood. It is not a self-limited disease, but may extend beyond puberty into late adolescence and adult life. The presently acceptable form of treatment consists of appropriate antibiotic therapy and sialography.The acute and recurrent forms of suppurative parotitis are seen infrequently in the practice of pedi¬ atrics. The parotitis is characterized clinically by the enlargement of one or both parotid glands, purulent drainage from Stensen's duct, and systemic symptoms. The natural his¬ tory and etiology of this disorder are poorly understood, and approaches to treatment have varied extensive¬ ly. This study analyzed the data from the records of children seen at the Mayo Clinic with acute or re¬ current parotitis in an attempt to describe some of the features of its natural history, significant etiologic factors, and an approach to therapy. Methods and MaterialsThe present series represents a 20-year experience involving 46 children treated at the Mayo Clinic for acute or recurrent suppurative parotitis (four other children had suppurative paro¬ titis in association with a terminal ill¬ ness, eg, paraganglioma, carcinoma of the thyroid, abdominal teratoma, and bleeding duodenal ulcer). The records of these patients were reviewed, and a questionnaire was sent to the parents of the children or to those patients who had since become adults. Patients were included in the study only if the clini¬ cian . and reviewer thought that other causes of parotid sweUing were elimi¬ nated. ResultsAcute Suppurative Parotitis.-Tables 1 and 2 outline the features of acute suppurative parotitis (one attack) in 16 patients. Most patients were either less than 1 or more than 10 years old, and most were male pa¬ tients. Only two patients had bi¬ lateral involvement. The illnesses lasted an average of 9.4 days (range, 1 to 19 days). Among the newborn patients, streptococci of the viridans type and Staphylococcus aureus were the organisms isolated from the pus from Stensen's duct in one pa¬ tient, Streptococcus pyogenes from the second, and Strep pyogenes and viridans streptococci from the third.In four older children with acute suppurative parotitis for whom in¬ formation was available, streptococci of the viridans type were isolated from three and Staph aureus from one.Fourteen patients with acute sup¬ purative parotitis received antibi-
Vertebral expansion may be caused by both benign and malignant disease processes. Recognition of such lesions on radiographs facilitates accurate diagnosis in many cases.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.