The terms perestroika (literally, "transformation") and glasnost (literally, "transparency ") refer to the social change that took place in the Soviet Union in the late 1980s. Then USSR leader, the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Mikhail Gorbachev, introduced perestroika as a necessary action to improve the nation’s economy and its international relations. Glasnost was meant to promote effective discussions regarding the country’s existing problems and shortcomings. However, only a few years following their instatement, both processes did not improve the sociopolitical situation. On the contrary, they led to the country’s collapse. This article seeks to answer why gracious intentions, meant to actualize the hopes and dreams of the Soviet people, eventually resulted in tremendously difficult times. Special attention is paid to the role of the Soviet media, which became a catalyst for many social problems. The authors raise the issue of the media’s level of responsibility during this social transformation, which appeared to be one of the most crucial conditions for its successful implementation. Keywords: authoritarian culture, social transformation, civic society, perestroika, glasnost, Soviet media
The 2006 War between Israel and Hezbollah had a significant component ofPSYOP. For the first time in its military history Israel deployed PSYOP as an inseparablepart of its military operations. The performance of the PSYOP unit was lessthan satisfactory due to organizational factors and the general conduct of the waritself. This article analyzes the goals, the themes, and the delivery channels usedthroughout the PSYOP campaign. An attempt is made to answer the key questionof whether this effort was effective.Keywords 2006 Lebanon War, Hezbollah, Israel, PSYOPIntroduction
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