Striving for rationality and long-term reliability is seen in different periods of building activities. Application of linear programming methods has enabled to formalise this striving and to elaborate the necessary mathematical models. But later theoretical and practical investigations have disclosed that not always, when optimising in respect of one criterion, it is possible to obtain solutions rational in other aspects, and this stimulated the application of multicriteria optimization methods. It is useful in this case to apply the ideas of the game theory, game problems solving methods already applied in other building design fields. When adapting methods of the game theory to popular needs for truss designing, a criteria set involving 11 alternatives has been selected. Attempts have been made to find rational truss variants by applying different methods (method of proximity to an ideal point, Wald's and Hurwitz's methods). It has been found when using the method of proximity to an ideal point for rational truss designing that a truss with a sloping brace network and pivoted knots supported by a column and composed of rectangular box shapes is more valuable than other trusses. According to Wald's and Hurvitz's methods, among popular spans of 24 m such a truss is the truss with a lowered bottom chord.
Striving for rationality and long-term reliability is seen in different periods of building activities. Application of linear programming methods has enabled to formalise this striving and to elaborate the necessary mathematical models. But later theoretical and practical investigations have disclosed that not always, when optimising in respect of one criterion, it is possible to obtain solutions rational in other aspects, and this stimulated the application of multicriteria optimization methods. It is useful in this case to apply the ideas of the game theory, game problems solving methods already applied in other building design fields. When adapting methods of the game theory to popular needs for truss designing, a criteria set involving II alternatives has been selected. Attempts have been made to find rational truss variants by applying different methods (method of proximity to an ideal point, Wald's and Hurwitz's methods). It has been found when using the method of proximity to an ideal point for rational truss designing that a truss with a sloping brace network and pivoted knots supported by a column and composed of rectangular box shapes is more valuable than other trusses. According to Wald's and Hurvitz's methods, among popular spans of 24 m such a truss is the truss with a lowered bottom chord. Keywords: rational trusses, multicriteria optimisation, methods of Wald and Hurwitz, method of proximity to an ideal point.
The article investigates the problems of technological decision modelling of wall insulation in dwelling houses. The system engineering is the base of that technology. The methodology represents and optimises the systems of complex building processes. After that it is possible to develop the alternatives. On a systematic engineering methodological basis, there was created a technological network model of the decisions of wall insulation. This model has been constructed on the base of classical net model with a new modification for application provided. The main stages of technological network model of wall insulation are: formation of complex combination process; establishment of possible variants of the partial process; technological connection among those (b and c) processes. The implementation alternatives of the analysed process have pointed out in the technological net model for the decisions of wall insulation. Such a model enables to analyse, to evaluate and to optimise the decisions of wall insulation.
Today there are many multicriteria evaluation methods used in building projects. They enable to make component (complex) evaluations of the task. Before a multicriteria evaluation of building facade complex process we develop a technological network model which represents technological systems and work performance variants graphically. We use technological network model junctions “cut” method for finding faster final result, for reducing alternative decisions number and facilitating calculations. This method permits to reject not irrational variants from calculations. Facade painting model consists of the following partial processes: surface preparing, priming, putting and painting. Making multicriteria decisions synthesis all these processes are interpreted as stages. It's necessary to determine the importance of each stage with respect to another stage (stage significance). To find stage significance it's possible to use expert, pair comparison methods, etc. Each stage consists of a certain number of alternatives. For comparison and evaluation of these alternatives, we produce a system of criteria (technical-economical indicators and qualitative characteristics). Using technological network junctions “cut” method, decision multistage synthesis method and carrying out multicriteria evaluation, it is possible to make a more precise alternative decisions analysis, evaluating the stage significance. This is very important for customers, contractors, projectors, etc.
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