Elderly people are the most vulnerable group for high morbidity and mortality from Covid-19. As nurses are at the front of fighting this pandemic in all geriatric settings, they have faced several stressors and fear of corona which can affect the provided elderly care. This study aimed to determine nurses' fear of Covid-19 and stress and their effects on health care behaviors towards elderly people. Research design: A cross-sectional descriptive research design was carried out on 185 nurses who are working in geriatric health care settings of ten governorates of Egypt and completed an online questionnaire which distributed from September 2020 to February 2021. Tools: Demographic characteristics and three scales were used: (1) The Fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S), (2) The Nursing Stress Scale (NSS), and (3) The Caring Behaviors Inventory scale (CBI). Results indicated that 41.0 of the studied nurses had a mild level of fear from COVID-19 and 20% of them experienced severe stress. Besides, there was a significantly positive correlation between nurses' Fear of COVID-19 and their stress (r=.77, p <.001), while, significant negative correlations between (fear of COVID-19 & nursing stress) and caring behaviors with (r= -61, p <.001) & (r= -.55, p <.001) respectively were found. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that 41% and 35% of the studied nurses had mild levels of fear from Covid-19 and stress respectively, added to nurses' fear of Covid-19 and stress affected health care behaviors toward elderly people negatively. Recommendations: Psychological intervention for geriatric nurses is needed to ensure adequate adaptation and high quality of elderly care despite this global crisis.

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common reproductive problem affecting more than one-third of women between 20-59 years of age, and more than half of women over 60 years worldwide, and negatively affecting their daily physical activities. Aim: To assess determinants and symptoms severity of pelvic organ prolapse and its effect on physical activities among the elderly versus childbearing women. Methodology: A descriptive research design was carried out on a purposive sample of 300 cases (150 for each childbearing and old age women) attended to the outpatient gynecologic clinic of Minia Maternal and Child University Hospital, at Minia governorate, Egypt, over a period of six months from October 2019 till March 2020, and met the following inclusion criteria: Females were of childbearing age (≥ 18-49 yrs.), and of old age (≥60 yrs.), diagnosed as pelvic organ prolapse (POP), able to communicate and agree to participate in the study. Tools: Three tools were utilized to collect data. First tool: A Structured questionnaire sheet covered (demographic data, medical and obstetrical history, and self-reported symptoms of POP). Second tool: Severity of POP assessment tool. Third tool: Physical activities assessment scale (ASS). Results: It was found that 50% of the elderly women versus (23%) of the childbearing women had severe symptoms of POP, moreover, (66.7% & 13.3%) of them respectively had greater impairment in their physical activities with a highly statistically significant difference between the two studied groups, and there was a positive correlation between the severity of prolapse symptoms and the degree of physical impairment among both studied groups. Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis reflected that age, higher parity, vaginal deliveries, level of education, body mass index, duration of prolapse, and chronic constipation were significantly affected the severity of prolapse symptoms among both studied groups. Conclusion: The severity of POP symptoms was higher among the elderly versus childbearing age women which consequently lowering their physical activities. Additionally, (aging, malpractice of pelvic floor exercise, higher parity, vaginal deliveries, overweight, chronic constipation, and heavy lifting) are the commonest leading determinants of POP and are significantly associated with the severity of prolapse symptoms among the studied sample. Recommendations: An urgent need for health educational intervention by health care providers targeting the primary prevention considering the concluded leading determinants of prolapse, as well as secondary prevention for women with mild to moderate degree of genital prolapse at all places especially in the rural communities.

Stress urinary incontinence is an ignored health problem among elderly women. Aim: To evaluate the effect of selective behavioral therapy on stress urinary incontinence and self-esteem among institutionalized elderly women. A quasi-experimental research Design was utilized on a purposive Sample of 50 elderly women residing in three geriatric homes at Minia Governorate, Egypt. Tools: A Structured questionnaire sheet and three scales (Body Mass Index, Revised Urinary Incontinence, and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scales) were utilized. Results: The mean value of stress urinary incontinence severity declined to (4.30+3.38) after 12 weeks of behavioral training sessions compared with (8.20+5.21) before, besides, the mean score of self-esteem among the studied sample was elevated to (15.48±5.75) at posttest with highly statistically significant differences between pre and posttests (p=.000). A negative correlation was found between the severity of stress urinary incontinence and self-esteem. Conclusion: The application of selective behavioral therapy included (Kegel exercise and toilet training) was effective in reducing the severity of SUI and consequently, elevation of self-esteem among institutionalized elderly women. Recommendations: Behavioral training sessions are recommended to be offered regularly for geriatric residents to improve their self-esteem by controlling stress urinary incontinence.

Background: Falling among elders is the most causative factor of unintentional injuries resulting in disability and hospitalization. Aim: Was to identify the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors and the adverse consequences of falling among elderly people. Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted on 384 elderly participants at Minia governorate, Egypt. Tools: A structured questionnaire, Timed Up and Go Test Scale, Katz Scale, and Mini-Nutritional Assessment questionnaire were used. Results: Findings showed that 45.6% of the participants were at risk of falling based on the performed timed up and go test and 63.5 % of them had a falling history. Female gender, age, and chronic diseases were the main non-modifiable risk factors, while the detected modifiable factors of falling included; absence of toilet seats (95.9 %), absence of grab bars (76.2%), poor lighting (56.6%), and slippery floor (54.1%). Additionally, 93.4% had a lack of assistive devices, inactivity (81.6%), anemia (65.2%), and poor vision (50.8%). Likewise, 73.0%, 35.2%, 26.6%, and 100% of the fallers reported back pain, cut wounds, fractures, and fear respectively as adverse consequences. Conclusion: Hazardous environment, declined physical activities, walking problems, lifestyle, malnutrition, and body mass index were the most reported modifiable risk factors of falls. Recommendations: Early detection of the modifiable risk factors is essential for preventing falling and its adverse consequences among elderly people.

Background: The helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infects more than half of the world's population and is associated with the development of 78% of all gastric cancers primarily in developing countries. Patients' education is vital in preventing intrafamilial transmission as well as in improving medication adherence for H. Pylori eradication therapy. Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on improving medication adherence, knowledge, and practice regarding intrafamilial transmission among helicobacter pylori patients. Methodology: Quasiexperimental research design (Pre/post-test) was utilized. Sample: A purposive sample of two hundred patients met the following inclusion criteria; patients aged ≥ 18 yrs. of both sexes, diagnosed with H. pylori infection by positive stool antigen test, and under the same strategy of H. pylori eradication therapy. Setting: The current study was carried out at the medical clinic of Minia university hospital, Minia governorate, Egypt. Tools of data collection: Two tools were utilized to collect data; 1 st one: Is a Structured interviewing questionnaire sheet covered three parts (demographic data, knowledge assessment questionnaire regarding to the H. pylori infection, and selfreported practices regarding its intrafamilial transmission), and the 2 nd one: Medication adherence scale. Results: It was founded that near to three-quarters of the intervention group adhered to H. pylori eradication therapy after the educational intervention compared with only about one-third of the control group. Moreover, there was a significant improvement in the total score of knowledge and practices among the study group regarding H. pylori infection and its intrafamilial transmission after receiving the educational intervention than before. Conclusion: The application of educational intervention was effective in improving medication adherence, as well as improving the knowledge and practices regarding H. pylori infection, and its intrafamilial transmission among infected patients of the study group versus the control group. Recommendations: General population education must be implemented in Egypt, especially among at-risk populations around H. pylori infection and its intrafamilial transmission, as well as the importance of adherence to H. Pylori eradication therapy especially among older adults.

Background: Central venous catheter is required in multiply injured patients either in the initial resuscitation phase or during an intensive care unit stay. There are potential complications associated with central line access as infection. Nurses play a crucial role in preventing this infection. Aim of the study: To evaluate the effect of nursing guidelines on reducing central line related infection among traumatic patients. Design: A quasi-experimental research design. Sample: A purposive sample of 60 newly admitted adult patients with central venous catheter divided equally into two groups (study and control). Setting: The current study was conducted in traumatic intensive care unit of Qena university hospital, Qena governorate, Egypt. Tools: Two tools structure interview questionnaire and central line related infection assessment sheet. Results: There were highly statistically significant differences between the study and control groups regarding central line related infection with (p<0.001). Conclusion: The application of nursing guidelines was effective in reducing central line related infection among traumatic patients. Recommendations: Nursing guidelines for preventing central line-related infection should be educated for nurses of intensive care units in Qena university hospital.

Background: The helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infects more than half of the world's population and associated with the development of 78% of all gastric cancers primarily in developing countries. Patients' education is vital in preventing the intrafamilial transmission as well as in improving medication adherence for H. Pylori eradication therapy. Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on improving medication adherence, knowledge and practice regarding intrafamilial transmission among helicobacter pylori patients. Methodology: Quasi-experimental research design was utilized. Sample: A purposive sample of two hundred Patients met the following inclusion criteria; patients who aged ≥ 18 yrs. of both sexes, diagnosed as H. pylori infection by positive stool antigen test and under the same strategy of H. pylori eradication therapy. Setting: The current study was carried out at the medical clinic of Minia university hospital, Egypt. Tools of data collection: Two tools were utilized to collect data; 1 st one: Is a Structured interviewing questionnaire sheet covered three parts (Sociodemographic data-knowledge questionnaire related to the H. pylori infection and a self-reported practices regarding its intrafamilial transmission), and the 2 nd one: Medication adherence scale. Results: It was founded that near to three-quarters of the intervention group adhered to H. pylori eradication therapy after the educational intervention compared with only about one-third of the control group. Moreover; there was a significant improvement in the total score of knowledge and practices among the study group regarding H. pylori infection its intrafamilial transmission after receiving educational intervention than before. Conclusion: Application of educational intervention was effective in improving medication adherence, as well as improving the knowledge and practices regarding H. pylori infection and its intrafamilial transmission among infected patients of the study group versus the control group. Recommendations: General population education must be implemented in Egypt, especially among at-risk populations around H. pylori infection and its intrafamilial transmission, as well as the importance of adherence to H. Pylori eradication therapy especially among older adults.

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