Fungal endophytes are the critical organisms in the environment residing in the plant tissues without showing any harmful effects on its host life cycle. The finding of fungal endophytes in natural habitat has been insufficient due to some non-sporulating and non-culturable fungal endophytes by traditional method. Several investigations on fungal endophytes in plants have resulted in an excessive knowledge of the group. This review emphasis on the biology of fungal endophytes, their discovery, isolation, identification by morphological and molecular methods, production, purification and structure elucidation of the bioactive compounds.
Nowadays there is a need to search novel bioactive compounds from natural sources because of the increased number of emerging diseases in the globe with their rapid development and spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens (Ananda et al., 2010; Mane et al., 2017). Mostly novel antioxidant and anticancer bioactive compounds have to search from the natural entity. Somehow due to incomplete knowledge and unknown uses, many medicinal plants are lagging behind in the list of worldwide pharmaceutical research (Suryanarayanan et al., 2002; Aditi et al., 2017). The Indian research institutes such as National Chemical Laboratory, Department of Science and Technology and Department of Biotechnology has given high priority to the search for novel bioactive compounds to treat HIV, Tuberculosis, Kidney Stone, Cancer, and other microbial diseases (
Endophytic fungi from medicinal plants were hardly ever reported as compared to those from soil and marine sources. The present results associate the presence of endophytic fungi in medicinal plants by isolating them from three medicinal plants i.e. Bombax ceiba, Aloe vera, and Ximenia americana. In the present research investigation, surface sterilization method and media were standardized, and 32 endophytic fungi were isolated from three medicinal plants. We assessed the competence of three different surface sterilization methods and four media for isolation of endophytic fungi. The RoVe method used was more effective in eliminating epiphytic microorganisms. Therefore by using new method we have isolated total of 32 fungal endophytes and those were belongs to Aspergillus nomius (63.20%), Aspergillus niger (41.60%), Thielaviopsis basicola (38.33%), Fusarium oxysporum (33.20%), Pestalotiopsis inflexa (27.20%), Nigrospora sphaerica (20%), Alternaria alternata (15.30%) and Phomopsis archeri (20%). This is the first report of successful isolation of endophytic fungi from the said medicinal plants, for using newly formulated surface sterilization method.
Enzymes from incredibly thermophilic microorganisms have been of innovative interest for quite a while in view of their capacity to catalyses responses of modern importance at raised temperatures. Most of the potential bioprospecting is at present identified with the investigation of the extremophiles and their likely use in modern cycles. As of late microbial enzymes discover applications in different businesses and comprise a significant gathering of modern enzymes. Present review article reveals basics of thermophilic bacteria and their applications with thermostability.
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