Background: Composite resins are choice of restorations due to their lifelike characteristics. Recently "microhybrid "and "nanohybrid" composites have been introduced. Microhybrids and Nanocomposites have a small particle size and possess better qualities as compared to traditional composite resins. The intake of beverages like black tea, coffee green tea has increased in the community. The beverages cause discoloration with time on the composite restorations making it aesthetically unacceptable.Aim: Aim is to evaluate discoloration of microhybrid and nanohybrid composite resins by black tea, black coffee, green tea and distilled water at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days.Methodology: 160 samples were fabricated in molds from two nanohybrid composite and two microhybrid composites. They were light cured and allocated into four groups were stored in an incubator throughout the experiment at 37° C. Initial baseline color was recorded by a spectrophotometer. These samples were immersed in vials containing black tea, black coffee, green tea and distilled water for three, six, nine, 12 days. Color analysis was done at each interval. Statistical analysis:Data was tabulated and the readings after immersion and baseline were compared between four composite resins. Data were analyzed using the appropriate test by testing normality. A p value <0.05 was considered to be significant.Results: Significant discoloration was observed in all four composite resins. Discoloration increased from the third day to 12th day. Maximum discoloration was observed on the 12th day. Conclusion:The order of discoloration in the beverages was: Flash > Tetric n ceram > matrix > tetricceram. The order of discoloration caused by test solutions on composite resin was: Black coffee>black tea>green tea > distilled water.

Aim To describe the management of type II dens invaginatus in permanent maxillary lateral incisors. Background Teeth affected by dens invaginatus show a deep infolding of enamel and dentine starting from the foramen coecum or even the tip of the cusps which may extend deep into the root. Dens invaginatus can be managed conservatively when it does not involve pulp and periodontal ligament. Moreover it may show a broad spectrum of morphologic variations and frequently results in early pulp necrosis if left undetected in early stages. Root canal treatment of such teeth is challenging because of the complex pulp space anatomy. Case report In the present case, bilateral occurrence of type II dens invaginatus was detected in maxillary lateral incisors. Following conservative cavity preparation, 12 was restored with an adhesive restoration. However as pulp exposure was observed in 22, it was endodontically treated. Conclusion Class II dens invaginatus without pulpal involvement can be treated successfully by conservative means there by maintaining the vitality of tooth. Early detection and immediate management leads to reduced tooth destruction thereby enhancing the long term prognosis. Clinical significance This case report will aid clinicians in the early detection and conservative management of tooth anomalies like dens invaginatus. How to cite this article Walzade PS, Sumanthini MV, Shenoy VU, Mahajan RP. Management of Bilateral Oehlers’ Type II Dens Invaginatus in Maxillary Lateral Incisors. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(2):125-129.

Aim: To determine the effect of three different cavity disinfectants (2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, and 2% iodine solution) on microleakage in a seventh-generation dentin-bonding system. Materials and methods: Class V cavity was prepared on 50 extracted molars (n = 50). The respective experimental groups were treated with cavity disinfectants and Adper Easy One Bond. Preparations without cavity disinfectants worked as negative control and those with neither disinfectant nor dentin-bonding resin application worked as positive controls. After the cavity preparations were restored with resin composite (Filtek™ Z 350), the teeth were then subjected to dye leakage tests. Microleakage was assessed for both occlusal and gingival margins, using a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using (ANOVA; Kruskal-Wallis) test. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed among 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, and 2% iodine and also no statistically significant differences were observed between occlusal and gingival margins of groups. Conclusion:(1) 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, and 2% iodine produced significantly higher microleakage when used with seventh-generation dentin-bonding agent. (2) 2% chlorhexidine gluconate produced lesser microleakage in comparison with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 2% iodine. (3) The gingival margins exhibited greater microleakage than occlusal margins. Clinical significance: The application of cavity disinfectants on prepared tooth before the application of dentin-bonding agent could help to reduce the potential risk of residual caries and postoperative sensitivity.

Aim of the study:To determine the solubility of nanohybrid (NH) composite resins when immersed in saliva substitute and distilled water. Materials and methods:A total of 60 disc-shaped samples (n = 30) were prepared in teflon molds of diameter 10 mm × 2 mm thickness from two NH composite resins. They were light-cured following which the samples were removed and weighed three times using a digital balance. Samples were then immersed in test solutions, i.e., 100 mL of distilled water and saliva substitute each stored for 24 hours and 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in an incubator at 37°C at 100% humidity. At the time intervals mentioned, the samples were removed from the incubator, washed with distilled water, blotted dry, and weighed. Samples were again immersed in fresh test solutions. Difference in preweight and postweight of samples was calculated and data were analyzed using appropriate test by testing normality. A p-value < 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results:The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). As observed from the baseline weight to the 28th day weight, there was a loss of weight of the samples in all the groups except NH composite resin (Flash) in distilled water. Conclusion:From the results of the study, it was observed that there was no statistically significant difference in weight, with respect to the solubility of the two NH composite resins and the two solutions tested. Clinical significance of the study is that the NH composite resin that shows lesser solubility can be the choice for an esthetic restorative material in patients for long-term results.