Results from the present study supported the efficacy of BTX-A to reduce myofascial pain symptoms in bruxers, and effective in reducing the occlusal force.

Aim: To determine the effect of three different cavity disinfectants (2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, and 2% iodine solution) on microleakage in a seventh-generation dentin-bonding system. Materials and methods: Class V cavity was prepared on 50 extracted molars (n = 50). The respective experimental groups were treated with cavity disinfectants and Adper Easy One Bond. Preparations without cavity disinfectants worked as negative control and those with neither disinfectant nor dentin-bonding resin application worked as positive controls. After the cavity preparations were restored with resin composite (Filtek™ Z 350), the teeth were then subjected to dye leakage tests. Microleakage was assessed for both occlusal and gingival margins, using a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using (ANOVA; Kruskal-Wallis) test. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed among 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, and 2% iodine and also no statistically significant differences were observed between occlusal and gingival margins of groups. Conclusion:(1) 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, and 2% iodine produced significantly higher microleakage when used with seventh-generation dentin-bonding agent. (2) 2% chlorhexidine gluconate produced lesser microleakage in comparison with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 2% iodine. (3) The gingival margins exhibited greater microleakage than occlusal margins. Clinical significance: The application of cavity disinfectants on prepared tooth before the application of dentin-bonding agent could help to reduce the potential risk of residual caries and postoperative sensitivity.

Aims: The aim of this study is to compare three different methods of measuring root canal curvature and its correlation with canal access angle (CAA) in curved mesiobuccal canals of permanent mandibular first molars. Materials and Methods: Sixty human mandibular first molars were used in this study. Standardized access cavities were prepared. After endodontic access, a size 10 K-file was placed in the mesiobuccal canal extending to the apical foramen, and radiographs were taken. Radiographs of each root canal were taken in buccolingual direction with the long axis of the root perpendicular to the central X-ray beam. After that, the radiographs were scanned with a computer Scanner. The angles were measured using the Schneider method, Weine's method, Lutein's method, and correlated with the CAA method. The angular and linear values used in this study were plotted, and the pertinent measurements were made using the program AutoCAD R12. Statistical Analysis: The resultant values were evaluated statistically using ANOVA test and Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses ( P = 0.001). Results: Lutein's method is as effective as the Schneider's method, Wein's method and CAA. method in evaluating root canal curvature. Conclusions: Scheider/Wein/Luiten method, together with CAA method, may be considered as a reliable guideline for preoperative assessment of canal curvature.

A medical emergency, no matter where it happens, demands immediate treatment. When it occurs in a dental set-up, it is expected of Dentist and his/her staff to have the basic knowledge to recognize, assess and manage a potentially life-threatening situation until the patient can be transported to a medical facility. For that, the staff in the clinic should be well trained to act accordingly in different types of medical emergencies that can occur at any given time. This review article deals with different kinds of medical emergencies that can occur in a dental set-up and how that can be recognized and managed.

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