ABSTRACT. Mites diversity (Acari, Arachnida) from rubber tree (Hevea brasi· liensis Muell. Arg., Euphorbiaceae) in Northwestern of Sao Paulo State, Brazil.The mites of three rubber tree cultures (Cedral, Pindorama and Taquaritinga) in order to determine the abundance of populations, the richness, the diversity and the degree of si milarity among the communities was studied. Twenty one species were found , five of which were common to the three cultures. The richness and the abundance were greatest at the beginning of the dry season. The composition of communities differed probably as consequence of the kind of neighboring vegetation to each area, and because of the acaricid pulverization on the culture of Taquaritinga, reducing the richness of mite species in that area. The influence of neighboring vegetation can be shown by the occurrence of lphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma, 1972, a common species to citrus trees, on neighboring rubber trees in Taquaritinga, and Tenuipalpus heveae Baker, 1945, a common species on rubber trees , on a coffee culture neighbor to the rubber trees of Pindorama. This data suggests that mites move among neighbor cultures, and can be an important factor towards pest management and control. The diversity was small on the three cultures, as a result of the occurrence of one dominant species on each area, Calacarus heveae Feres, 1992 or T. heveae , which are considered pests of the rubber tree . The small di versity and the occurrence of dominant species are patterns expected in monocultures , systems with small environmental heterogeneity .KEY WORDS. Acari, mites, He vea brasiliensis, rubber three, biodiversity, Brazil Pouco se conhece sobre a acarofauna associada a seringueiras (Heveae brasiliensis). Seu estudo foi inicialmente realizado por SILVA (1972) que relacionou 49 especies de artr6podes em seringueiras do Estado de Sao Paulo, incluindo cinco especies de acaros: Allonychus brasiliensis (McGregor, 1950), Eutetranychus banksi (McGregor, 1914), Tetranychus mexican us (McGregor, 1950), Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks, 1904)

-The rubber tree lace bug, Leptopharsa heveae Drake & Poor occurs in high populations in rubber tree plantations and it is a limiting factor in rubber production due to the loss of photosynthetic tissue. The control of the pest has been made mainly with chemical products, which cause environmental contamination. The alternative would be the use of biological control agents, however, information about L. heveae natural enemies are scarce. The parasitoid Erythmelus tingitiphagus (Soares) parasitize eggs of the rubber tree lace bug. The aim of this study was to verify the occurrence of E. tingitiphagus in plantations of several rubber tree clones, located in Itiquira town, Mato Grosso State.

Simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography is a widely used technique for the resolution of compounds difficult to separate. SMB parameter estimation is traditionally carried out following a time and money consuming series of experiments in an SMB unit where deviations may arise. This work aims to present a novel global and straightforward parameter estimation procedure together with uncertainty analysis. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is employed to search for parameters in an eight-dimensional space, avoid local minima, and enable uncertainty analysis. The proposed methodology is validated in a software-in-the-loop approach. A new parameter estimation is then carried out using the data of one experimental run from the literature, together with uncertainty evaluation based on the PSO-generated population that enables model validation and definition of confidence regions for the model. A robust method for the parameter estimation of an SMB unit is presented in order to produce a more precise and reliable model. In addition, it also significantly reduces the number of necessary steps for parameter estimation, leading to a more efficient procedure. The results show that it is possible to perform parameter estimation from SMB chromatography producing a more trustworthy model.

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Seismic images produced by migration of seismic data related to complex geologies, suchas pre-salt environments, are often contaminated by artifacts due to the presence of multipleinternal reflections. These reflections are created when the seismic wave is reflected morethan once in a source-receiver path and can be interpreted as the main coherent noise inseismic data. Several schemes have been developed to predict and subtract internal multiplereflections from measured data, such as the Marchenko multiple elimination (MME) scheme,which eliminates the referred events without requiring a subsurface model or an adaptivesubtraction approach. The MME scheme is data-driven, can remove or attenuate mostof these internal multiples, and was originally based on the Neumann series solution ofMarchenko’s projected equations. However, the Neumann series approximate solution isconditioned to a convergence criterion. In this work, we propose to formulate the MMEas a least-squares problem (LSMME) in such a way that it can provide an alternative thatavoids a convergence condition as required in the Neumann series approach. To demonstratethe LSMME scheme performance, we apply it to 2D numerical examples and compare theresults with those obtained by the conventional MME scheme. Additionally, we evaluatethe successful application of our method through the generation of in-depth seismic images,by applying the reverse-time migration (RTM) algorithm on the original data set and tothose obtained through MME and LSMME schemes. From the RTM results, we show thatthe application of both schemes on seismic data allows the construction of seismic imageswithout artifacts related to internal multiple events.

The genus Fidicinoides Boulard & Martinelli is characterized by its partially exposed timbal, not totally covered by the meta-scutellar plate as occurs in Fidicina Amyot & Serville, and has an extensive geographic distribution in Central and South America. In this work a new species for the genus is described. Fidicinoides sarutaiensis Santos, Martinelli & Maccagnan sp. n. is a medium-sized cicada, with the collected and studied specimens associated with coffee (Coffee arabica L.), in the municipality of Sarutaiá, in the southeast region of São Paulo state. The species F. glauca (Goding, 1925) and F. viridifemur (Walker, 1850) are transferred to Dorisiana. An identification key for the Fidicinoides species of Brazil is also proposed.

The purpose of this study was to elaborate a preliminary list of the mite species associated with rubber trees in the municipality of Santana, in the state of Amapá, Brazil. Two collections of rubber tree leaves were conducted on May 2 nd and June 5 th , 2010. Twenty-five plants were sampled at random. Three leaves were collected per plant, from the lower third of the crown. The samples were placed in paper bags, packed in an isothermal box chilled gel-based pulp plant (Gelo-X ® ), and transported to the Entomology Laboratory at Embrapa Amapá, in Macapá. The leaflets were examined under a stereomicroscope, and the mites found on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaves were collected with a stilet, mounted on microscope slides in Hoyer's medium, and later identified. We collected a total of 1,722 mites of 10 families: Acaridae, Cunaxidae, Eriophyidae, Iolinidae, Phytoseiidae, Stigmaeidae, Tarsonemidae, Tenuipalpidae, Tydeidae, and Winterschmidtiidae, in addition to unidentified species of the suborders Oribatida and Astigmatina. The family Phytoseiidae represented only 2.90% of specimens collected, but showed the highest species richness (5 species

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