ABSTRACT. Mites diversity (Acari, Arachnida) from rubber tree (Hevea brasi· liensis Muell. Arg., Euphorbiaceae) in Northwestern of Sao Paulo State, Brazil.The mites of three rubber tree cultures (Cedral, Pindorama and Taquaritinga) in order to determine the abundance of populations, the richness, the diversity and the degree of si milarity among the communities was studied. Twenty one species were found , five of which were common to the three cultures. The richness and the abundance were greatest at the beginning of the dry season. The composition of communities differed probably as consequence of the kind of neighboring vegetation to each area, and because of the acaricid pulverization on the culture of Taquaritinga, reducing the richness of mite species in that area. The influence of neighboring vegetation can be shown by the occurrence of lphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma, 1972, a common species to citrus trees, on neighboring rubber trees in Taquaritinga, and Tenuipalpus heveae Baker, 1945, a common species on rubber trees , on a coffee culture neighbor to the rubber trees of Pindorama. This data suggests that mites move among neighbor cultures, and can be an important factor towards pest management and control. The diversity was small on the three cultures, as a result of the occurrence of one dominant species on each area, Calacarus heveae Feres, 1992 or T. heveae , which are considered pests of the rubber tree . The small di versity and the occurrence of dominant species are patterns expected in monocultures , systems with small environmental heterogeneity .KEY WORDS. Acari, mites, He vea brasiliensis, rubber three, biodiversity, Brazil Pouco se conhece sobre a acarofauna associada a seringueiras (Heveae brasiliensis). Seu estudo foi inicialmente realizado por SILVA (1972) que relacionou 49 especies de artr6podes em seringueiras do Estado de Sao Paulo, incluindo cinco especies de acaros: Allonychus brasiliensis (McGregor, 1950), Eutetranychus banksi (McGregor, 1914), Tetranychus mexican us (McGregor, 1950), Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks, 1904)
-The mites on Mabea fistulifera Mart. in two forest fragments, urban and rural, were sampled monthly during 2001. For each site and each sampling date, 20 leaves were taken from each one of three trees. The leaves were inspected under dissecting microscope and all mites collected were mounted on slides, identified and counted by using a phase contrast microscope. Diversity and eveness were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener and Pielou index, respectively. The MorisitaHorn index described similarities between the two sites. The Maximum Theoretical Diversity and Constancy index were also determined. Possible relationships between mite abundance and rainfall were investigated by Pearson correlation. The urban area had 6326 mites belonging to 31 species, while the rural area had 2330 individuals of 25 species. In both sites, the diversity exceeded 50% of the maximum theoretical diversity, but, the rural area showed higher diversity. Both sites had abundant phytophagous mites, however the abundance was higher in the urban fragment, as a result of plant stress that created more favorable conditions for phyphagous to develop. Some predaceous showed high abundance when the trees flowered. This occurs because some phytoseiids can use pollen as food. The only significant (negative) correlation was observed between rainfall and the population of Euseius citrifolius Denmark & Muma. However, the higher population of E. citrifolius on M. fistulifera in the dry season could be mostly due to the larger abundance of pollen in that period.KEY WORDS: Biological control, indigenous plant, pest management, urban impact RESUMO -Amostrou-se mensalmente, durante 2001, ácaros de Mabea fistulifera Mart. em dois fragmentos de mata, um urbano e outro rural. Em cada local e coleta, foram coletadas 20 folhas de cada um de três exemplares de M. fistulifera. As folhas foram examinadas sob estereomicroscópio e todos os ácaros encontrados, montados em lâminas e identificados e contados sob microscópio com contraste de fase. A diversidade e a uniformidade de espécies foram analisadas através dos índices de Shannon-Wiener e Pielou, respectivamente. O índice de similaridade de Morisita-Horn foi utilizado para determinar o grau de semelhança entre as áreas. A diversidade máxima teórica e a constância também foram determinadas. O índice de correlação de Pearson foi utilizado para verificar possíveis relações entre a abundância de ácaros com a pluviosidade. No fragmento urbano foram coletados 6326 ácaros pertencentes a 31 espécies, e no rural, 2330 ácaros de 25 espécies. Nos dois fragmentos, a diversidade excedeu 50% da diversidade máxima teórica, entretanto, no rural verificou-se maior diversidade. Registrou-se também, grande abundância de fitófagos, que foi maior no urbano, provavelmente como resultado do estresse das plantas favorecendo o desenvolvimento dos fitófagos. Alguns predadores apresentaram grande abundância durante a floração de M. fistulifera, provavelmente por utilizarem o pólen como alimento. A maior abundância de Euseius citri...
A acarofauna associada a plantas ornamentais de áreas urbanas é pouco conhecida no Brasil. Nos poucos trabalhos existentes, uma ou poucas espécies de plantas foram estudadas, registrando-se grande riqueza de espécies de ácaros sobre cada uma delas. Feres (1992)
Mites and leaf domatia: no evidence of mutualism in Coffea arabica plants. Biota Neotrop. 11(1): http://www. biotaneotropica.org.br/v11n1/en/abstract?article+bn00311012011. Abstract:We conducted experiments by blocking off pit-like domatia from old and new leaves of Coffea arabica L., using tiny resin drops, to investigate the role of domatia on i) mite abundance at the community level and on ii) leaf damages. More than 77% of the mites collected were predators, whereas 19 and 3.3% were omnivores and phytophages, respectively. Domatia blockage treatment had no influence either on mite abundances or leaf damages. However, predatory and omnivorous mites were more abundant on new than on the old leaves; phytophagous mites occurred at very low density and occupied only plants having open domatia. The absence of mutualism between mites and C. arabica probably occurred because the entrances of domatia were too small and did not enable the entry of fitoseid predators in these structures. Resumo: Domácias são pequenas estruturas presentes na junção entre as nervuras principal e secundárias das folhas de muitas espécies de plantas, que podem mediar interações mutualísticas entre ácaros e plantas. Em experimento, nós bloqueamos as domácias em formato de covas de folhas novas e velhas de Coffea arabica L. com gotas de resina, a fim de investigar o seu papel i) na abundância de ácaros na comunidade e ii) nos danos foliares. Mais de 77% dos ácaros coletados são predadores, enquanto 19 e 3,3% são onívoros e fitófagos, respectivamente. Não houve influência do bloqueio das domácias tanto na abundância quanto nos danos foliares. Entretanto, os ácaros predadores e micófagos foram mais abundantes nas folhas novas do que nas velhas; os ácaros fitófagos ocorreram em pequena densidade e ocuparam somente as plantas com domácias abertas. A ausência de mutualismo entre os ácaros e plantas de C. arabica pode ter ocorrido porque as entradas das domácias analisadas eram muito pequenas, não permitindo a entrada dos predadores fitoseídeos nessas estruturas. Palavras-chave: interações entre ácaros e plantas, comunidade de ácaros, limitação de espaço, Mata Atlântica, ruptura de mutualismo.
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