Este artigo constitui uma revisão das principais questões teóricas e empíricas atinentes às interfaces econômicas entre agricultura, meio ambiente e comércio, em geral, e para o Brasil em particular. Ao longo dos anos, diante da multiplicidade de resultados desencontrados observados na literatura, tornou-se cada vez mais claro o papel desempenhado pelas especificidades setoriais e regionais nesse campo de estudo. A tendência ao emprego de métodos e processos produtivos com elevado potencial degradante ao meio ambiente, observada em segmentos importantes da agricultura brasileira, além de gerar desdobramentos internos pouco desprezíveis, contribui para situar o País na alça de mira de movimentos ambientalistas internacionais. Ainda, dificulta a inserção de seus produtos no mercado internacional, cada vez mais reflexo das questões ambientais globais. Conclui-se pela necessidade de definição de políticas ambientais sinérgicas, capazes de dotar a agricultura brasileira de padrões mais sustentáveis de produção, sem comprometer sua competitividade.
This article provides a review of the major theoretical and empirical issues related to the economic interfaces between agriculture, environment and trade, in general, and particularly to Brazil. Over the years, given the multiplicity of controversial results registered in the literature, it became increasingly clear the role played by the sector and regional specificities in this field of study. The trend of adopting processes and methods potentially and highly degrading to environment, noticed in important segments of Brazilian agriculture, besides generating domestic effects rather negligible, contributes to place the country on the handle of sight of the international environmental groups. Moreover, it hampers the acceptance of national goods in the international market, increasingly reflecting the global environmental issues. Conclusively, it is necessary to define synergistic environmental policies, capable of providing more sustainable patterns of production to the Brazilian agriculture, without compromising their competitiveness
The significant growth of Brazilian agribusiness has contributed to spreading a collective perception that Brazil produces with high levels of efficiency and has a competitive advantage in a wide range of sophisticated products. But is this image an accurate representation of Brazilian agriculture in an international context? To answer this question and analyze the sources of agricultural productivity differences between countries we adopted the economic complexity approach. The results indicated that the Brazilian agribusiness complexity is at an intermediate stage, lower than the countries with the highest income per capita in agriculture. In addition, through a crosscountry analysis we found a positive correlation between labor productivity in agriculture and the agribusiness complexity up to the year 2012, when the signal reverses, possibly due to the greater importance of South-South agricultural flows and the protectionist movements in the post-international crisis period. In conclusion, even though Brazilian agro can be qualified as pop, it does not seem appropriate to define it as high-tech, especially if the reference is the labor productivity and product complexity of leading countries.
Environmental regulation, competitiveness and patterns of international trade in the sector of Agribusiness Organized in two articles, this dissertation makes an investigation to clarify the links between international trade and environment in general and in the case of the agribusiness sector, in particular, focusing mainly on the issue of competitiveness. In the first article, initially there was a review of theoretical issues pertaining to economic interfaces between agriculture, environment and trade, and comparative analysis of the main methods used to study these links. Then, special attention was devoted to identifying the mechanisms by which policies to promote environmental sustainability in the agribusiness sector can affect prices, trade and social welfare. Finally, were explored the policy implications that are derived from the study of the Brazilian case, concluding by the need to construct an agenda for research site for the theme. The second article can be seen as an empirical test for the Agribusiness of antagonistic positions advocated by economists followers of the traditional approach for followers of the possibility of Porter with regard to the impacts of the tightening of environmental regulations on international standards of commerce. This analysis was conducted by the adequacy of the H-O-V model to allow for the inclusion of variables representing the environmental performance of the countries examined. The results show that net exports of agricultural products classified as environmentally sensitive can be positively or adversely affected the second sector and environmental indicator in question.
Professora do PPGE/UFRGS RESUMO: O potencial de expansão do mercado interno de máquinas agrícolas e os frequentes desequilíbrios no balanço de pagamentos levaram o governo argentino a estruturar uma política industrial para esse setor a partir de 2010. O objetivo desse artigo é avaliar os desdobramentos dessa política para o setor de máquinas agrícolas da Argentina e do Brasil. A análise revelou que a política argentina foi bem sucedida na atração de investimentos de empresas nacionais e multinacionais. A rápida substituição de importações de tratores e colheitadeiras criou oportunidades e desafios tecnológicos para as empresas da cadeia produtiva instaladas em território argentino. Para o Brasil, a consequência mais evidente da política industrial foi a redução das exportações de produtos finais e o aumento das de bens intermediários, sobretudo a partir do Rio Grande do Sul. Recentemente, surgiram indícios de desestruturação da política industrial, após a liberalização comercial promovida pelo Governo Mauricio Macri. Ainda assim, dado o caráter oligopolista desse setor, parcialmente integrado a cadeias globais de valor, os investimentos recentes posicionaram o país vizinho em um novo patamar de oferta, com repercussões para a configuração produtiva na América do Sul. Palavras-chave: política industrial; máquinas agrícolas; comércio Brasil-Argentina ABSTRACT: The growth potential of the domestic agricultural machinery market and frequent balance of payments constraints contributed to the Argentine government's decision to structure an industrial policy for this sector in 2010. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the consequences of this policy for the agricultural machinery sector in Argentina and Brazil. The analysis revealed that the policy was successful in attracting investments of multinational companies and expanding investments of national companies. A fast substitution of imports of tractors and harvesters has created opportunities and technological challenges for the supply chain in Argentina. For Brazil, the most evident consequence of the Argentine industrial policy was the reduction of exports of final goods and the increase of the intermediate goods, especially from Rio Grande do Sul State, located in the southernmost region of the country. Recently, signs of deterioration of industrial policy have emerged, such as the commercial liberalization promoted by the Mauricio Macri government. Nevertheless, given the oligopolistic nature of agricultural machinery sector, which is partially integrated in global value chains, recent investments have placed Argentina on a new level of supply, with repercussions on the production geography in South America.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.