This paper aims to analyze the cooperation and learning processes in the local system of vitiviniculture production of Serra Gaúcha's region (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), in order to characterize the dynamics of innovation of the firms located there. In methodological terms, a non-probabilistic exploratory study has been conducted. Field research in 20 wineries as well as interviews with related organizations were carried out in order to understand which learning mechanisms support innovative strategies adopted by enterprises. Since learning processes are also the result of local interactions, it was necessary to understand whether these interactions produced cooperative links. The results showed that innovations made by the firms were basically incremental. To do so, they use their intrinsic learning processes as well as external agents. These agents can be located in the region or elsewhere. The geographical proximity becomes more relevant for smaller firms. It was still possible to perceive the existence of cooperation in both vertical and horizontal level. Most frequent actions of vertical cooperation occur especially between firms and their suppliers. When horizontal cooperation occurs between enterprises, it takes place particularly in international trading.
Resumo. O presente artigo apresenta um estudo sobre redes de empresas, que são constituídas por pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs), no qual se buscou demonstrar como tais redes são formadas e de que forma funcionam. Além disso, procurouse verifi car as diversas confi gurações apresentadas por este tipo de organização, os ganhos que as PMEs podem obter quando atuam de maneira conjunta e quais os ambientes de interação existentes dentro das redes. Ainda, tentou-se compreender as relações de troca de informações e experiências (conhecimento e aprendizagem) que ocorrem entre os agentes. Para melhor destacar as evidências teóricas sobre os temas abordados, foi realizada uma pesquisa empírica a partir do estudo de caso da Rede Imobiliárias de Santa Maria. Destaca-se que a pesquisa foi realizada através de entrevistas com os dirigentes das empresas participantes da Rede e com seu presidente. Observa-se que as redes de cooperação estabelecem um ambiente de interação e colaboração entre as PMEs, o que possibilita a obtenção de vantagens que as empresas, de maneira individual, não conquistariam. Ainda, neste sentido, as redes estimulam as trocas de informações e experiências entre seus participantes, facilitando a criação, a Abstract. This paper presents a study on business networks that consists of mall and medium enterprises (SMEs), which sought to demonstrate how networks are formed and how they work. In addition, the study demonstrates the various seĴ ings made by these organizations, the benefi ts that SMEs can achieve when they act jointly and the interaction environments within networks. Besides, it tries to understand the relationship of exchanging information and experiences (knowledge and learning) among agents. To beĴ er highlight the theoretical evidence on the issues discussed, there was an empirical research, from the case study on Rede Imobiliárias of Santa Maria. It is noteworthy that the research was conducted through interviews with business leaders within the Network and its President. It is observed that the cooperation networks provide an environment for interaction and collaboration between SMEs which enables the achievement of benefi ts that the companies individually would not conquer. Still, in this sense, the networks stimulate the exchange of information and experiences among participants, facilitating the creation, transmission and conversion of knowledge. In summary, the survey has shown that companies Perspectiva Econômica, 7(1):15-26, janeiro-junho 2011
Abstract:This study aims to analyze technological knowledge and information flows intra and extra-cluster, as well as the cognitive roles the firms play. It was decided to investigate such flows among firms and institutions that compose the wine cluster of Vale dos Vinhedos, mountain region of Rio Grande do Sul, responsible for approximately 90% of the national wine production. The social network method was used for this article. As main results, it is highlighted: the information flow has a distinct dynamic from the technological knowledge flow established among firms; they play different cognitive roles in the identified technological knowledge network; great part of the connections established is with companies from the cluster itself; and the search for knowledge in support institutions in the area is intense, highlighting the importance of geographical proximity in the established relations. Key-words:Innovation, knowledge and information flows, firms' cognitive roles, social network. Resumo
O presente artigo examina os padrões de interação dos agentes do arranjo de máquinas e implementos agrícolas do Rio Grande do Sul e sua influência na criação, uso e distribuição do conhecimento. Visa contribuir para a compreensão dos processos de interação e de aprendizagem em arranjos locais, bem como para o entendimento da relação desses processos com a capacidade inovativa das empresas. O estudo valeu-se de uma pesquisa de campo. As evidências empíricas demonstraram que o ambiente local se mostra relevante para o desenvolvimento dos processos de aprendizado nesse arranjo. Sua maior ou menor importância decorre das peculiaridades das empresas (fabricantes de maquinário automotriz, de implementos de tração mecânica, de implementos de menor complexidade e peças e componentes). Tais peculiaridades – quanto ao porte, à origem de capital, à complexidade tecnológica dos produtos fabricados e ao direcionamento das vendas – implicam mecanismos de aprendizado distintos, já que fontes de conhecimento são articuladas de maneira diversa.
This study aims to analyze the network of interactions of Brazilian medical research groups, identifying key actors and their roles in generating and diffusing knowledge. Social network analysis was applied, with data from the Research Groups Directory Census of the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development, from 2016. The main results show (1) the central role of universities, public institutes, and university hospital research groups; (2) the importance of scientific infrastructure and research capability of scientists in knowledge production; (3) the minor role of the industry, denoting the fragility of university–industry interactions; (4) spatial concentration of network actors, mostly located in the south and southeast of Brazil; and (5) a great opportunity to expand flows and cooperation. Regarding these results, the recent budgetary cuts in science and technology resources since 2016 seem to be a misguided and detrimental strategy as these resources are essential for future technological and industrial development.
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