The spittlebug family Cercopidae is currently divided into two subfamilies: the paraphyletic Old World Cercopinae and the monophyletic New World Ischnorhininae. The most recent classification scheme proposed by Fennah in 1968 divided the New World Cercopidae into four tribes: Tomaspidini, Ischnorhinini, Hyboscartini and Neaenini. Herein we present a phylogenetic analysis of Ischnorhininae using 108 morphological characters and including 53 of the 59 recognized genera, to evaluate the tribal-level classification and understand the processes underlying the current distributional patterns of these genera. We found significant support for the monophyly of many Neotropical genera, but Fennah's tribal classification is revised because tribes Neaenini, Ischnorhinini and Tomaspidini were recovered as polyphyletic. Hyboscartini was synonymized with Tomaspidini. A taxonomic key to tribes and genera of Neotropical spittlebugs is provided based mostly on recovered apomorphies. The biogeographical analysis suggests a Neotropical origin of ischnorhinines, more specifically in northwestern South America. This was possibly coincident spatially and temporally with the origin of grasses, with ancestral range expansions southward to the Amazonian and Paraná regions, and posterior vicariant events, possibly related to the expansion of forests in the Chacoan region, the South America diagonal of open formations. Dispersals to the Chacoan region and to the Nearctic region are hypothesized to have occurred only within genera. In the Chacoan region it is associated with more recent events, such as the diversification of C4 grasses and establishment of the savannas and seasonally dry forests.

ABSTRACT. Sharpshooter leafhoppers (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae) in citrus groves of the area of Bebedouro, SP, with description of a new species of Acrogonia Stål. Sixteen species of Cicadellidae, subfamily Cicadellinae, were collected and identified: 11 of the tribe Cicadellini and five of the tribe Proconiini. The ten most common species, together with a new species, are characterized based on external morphology and male genitalia: Acrogonia citrina Young, 1977 and P. mollicella (Fowler, 1900). The leafhopper samples were collected in citrus groves and in adjacent habitats (woods, swamp, cultivable plain, spontaneous vegetation of the grove, coffee crop and sugarcane) at the counties of Bebedouro and Monte Azul Paulista and in the district of Turvínia. The collecting methods were: insect net, yellow sticky cards, portable suction trap and Malaise trap. Identification keys were elaborated for the 16 species. There is a great diversity of Cicadellinae species in the citric groves. In the three areas sampled, it was collected a larger number of species of the tribe Cicadellini than of the tribe Proconiini. In the Bebedouro area, the vector species of Xylella fastidiosa, A. citrina sp. nov., B. xanthophis, D. costalimai and O. facialis, were collected in the citrus groves and in all adjacent habitats.

No abstract

Os membros desse grupo estão entre os menores cicadelídeos, com tamanho dos adultos variando entre 4,0 e 7,0mm. Linnavuori (1959), ao revisar a subfamília, propôs sua divisão em duas tribos: Xestocephalini, com representantes distribuídos em todas as regiões zoogeográficas (com exceção da Europa e da maior parte da Ásia), e Portanini, na região Neotropical. Portanini contém um gênero (Portanus Ball, 1932) e 52 espécies. As espécies dessa tribo podem ser diferenciadas das de Xestocephalini, pelas seguintes características, segundo Linnavuori (1959): (1) corpo longo e delgado; (2) face alongada; (3) fronte retangular; (4) clípeo com lados proximamente paralelos; (5) loros grandes, estendendo-se até o ápice do clípeo; (6) antenas usualmente longas, quase tão longas quanto o corpo; (7) lóbulos supra-antenais, em vista lateral, carenados e oblíquos; (8) coroa triangularmente projetada; (9) sutura coronal longa e (10) estilos com ápice alargado e bífido. No presente trabalho um novo gênero e uma nova espécie

No abstract