This research aimed to obtain biocompatible and antimicrobial nanofibres based on concentrated collagen hydrolysate loaded with thyme or oregano essential oils as a natural alternative to synthesis products. The essential oils were successfully incorporated using electrospinning process into collagen resulting nanofibres with diameter from 471 nm to 580 nm and porous structure. The presence of essential oils in collagen nanofibre mats was confirmed by Attenuated Total Reflectance -Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS) and antimicrobial activity. Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy analyses allowed evaluating the morphology and constituent elements of the nanofibre networks. Microbiological tests performed against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans showed that the presence of essential oils supplemented the new collagen nanofibres with antimicrobial properties. The biocompatibility of collagen and collagen with essential oils was assessed by in vitro cultivation with NCTC clone 929 of fibroblastic cells and cell viability measurement. The results showed that the collagen and thyme or oregano oil composites have no cytotoxicity up to concentrations of 1000 μg·mL−1 and 500 μg mL−1, respectively. Optimization of electrospinning parameters has led to the obtaining of new collagen electrospun nanofibre mats loaded with essential oils with potential use for wound dressings, tissue engineering or protective clothing.
ABSTRACT. Leather industry has to cope nowadays with major environmental problems because of the polluting processes. Therefore, increasing the environmental efficiency in the leather sector is the major aim of leather, auxiliary materials and equipment manufacturers. The development of new tanning agents and new technologies is required to cope with the increasingly higher environmental pressure on the current tanning materials and processes such as tanning with chromium salts. This paper presents the main results obtained in the framework of INNOVA LEATHER project. The original contribution of this project in solving the above problems has involved the use of solid titanium wastes (cuttings) resulting from the process of obtaining highly pure titanium (ingots) in the preparation of new tanning compounds intended to increase the environmental efficiency of the leather sector. Also, within the above line, the aim is to obtain wetwhite leather by an organic tanning process in order to reduce chromium in tannery effluent. Another result obtained in the project is valorization of wet white leather waste as raw material for obtaining new biodegradable auxiliaries with application in agriculture, cosmetics and chemicals. KEY WORDS: tanning agents, wet white, FOC leather, waste valorization, cosmetics, soil remediation, sustainable development MATERIALE ªI TEHNOLOGII INOVATOARE PENTRU O PRODUCÞIE DURABILÃ ÎN SECTORUL PIELÃRIE-ÎNCÃLÞÃMINTE REZUMAT. Industria de pielãrie trebuie sã facã faþã în prezent unor probleme de mediu majore datorate proceselor poluante. Prin urmare, creºterea eficienþei de mediu în sectorul de pielãrie este obiectivul major al producãtorilor de piele, materiale auxiliare ºi echipamente. Este necesarã dezvoltarea unor noi agenþi de tãbãcire ºi noi tehnologii pentru a face faþã presiunii de mediu din ce în ce mai mare asupra materialelor ºi proceselor de tãbãcire actuale, cum ar fi tãbãcirea cu sãruri de crom. Aceastã lucrare prezintã principalele rezultate obþinute în cadrul proiectului INNOVA-LEATHER. Contribuþia originalã a acestui proiect la rezolvarea problemelor menþionate mai sus a implicat utilizarea deºeurilor solide de titan (ºpan) rezultate din procesul de obþinere a titanului foarte pur (lingouri) în prepararea unor noi compuºi tananþi cu scopul de a creºte eficienþa ecologicã a sectorului de pielãrie. De asemenea, în acelaºi context, scopul a fost de a obþine piele wet-white printr-un proces de tãbãcire organicã, pentru a reduce cantitatea de crom din efluenþii din tãbãcãrie. Alte rezultate obþinute în cadrul proiectului sunt valorificarea deºeurilor de piele wet-white ca materie primã pentru obþinerea unor noi auxiliari biodegradabili cu aplicaþii în agriculturã, produse cosmetice ºi substanþe chimice. CUVINTE CHEIE: agenþi tananþi, wet white, piele fãrã crom, valorificarea deºeurilor, cosmetice, remedierea solului, dezvoltare durabilã DES MATÉRIAUX ET DES TECHNOLOGIES INNOVANTES POUR LA PRODUCTION DURABLE DANS LE SECTEUR DU CUIR ET DES CHAUSSURESRÉSUMÉ. L'industrie du cuir doit main...
This paper assessed the collagen glue (Col) from rabbit skin for use as a raw material in combination with different water-based dispersants of antimicrobial agents such as ZnO NPs, TiO2 NPs doped with nitrogen and Ag NPs (TiO2-N-Ag NPs), and chitosan (CS) for the production of biocompatible and antimicrobial nanofibers. The electrospun nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflectance in conjunction with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR) analyses and antioxidant activity. The biocompatibility of electrospun nanofibers was investigated on cell lines of mouse fibroblast NCTC ((clone L929) using MTT test assays. Antimicrobial activity was performed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and Candida albicans pathogenic fungus. Electrospun antimicrobial nanofibers based on collagen glue achieved reduction in the number of viable microorganisms against both fungi and bacteria and exhibited multiple inhibitory actions of fungal and bacterial strains. The electrospun nanofibers showed average dimension sizes in the range of 30–160 nm. The results indicated that both Col/TiO2-N-Ag NPs and Col/CS formulations are suitable for cell proliferation and may be useful for producing of nonactive wound dressings.
In order to obtain the textile materials with potential for use in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions, this study approached the laboratory experiments related to depositing by padding of oil-in-water emulsions type based on chitosan-propolis-cinnamon essential oil. In this regard, seven experimental variants of emulsions were prepared and then characterized by specific methods from physical-chemical and stability point of view. The chitosan-propolis- cinnamon essential oil-based emulsions were then immobilized on a knitted textile structure from 100% organic cotton. The functionalized textile materials were characterized from morphological and antibacterial activity point of view. pH values obtained for the synthesized polymeric systems were in the range 4.67–4.88 and electrical conductivity of the emulsions increases with the concentration of the hydrophilic phase in the system, the highest values were registered for the emulsion code R4CSP developed with the smallest volume fraction of water. The stability index over a period of 10 days indicated that emulsions are stable, not showing the presence of one of the flocculation, creaming / sedimentation, coalescence or Ostwald ripening phenomena. The highest values of emulsifying activity index were obtained for the R7CSP, emulsion developed with the smallest volume fraction of water. The highest value of viscosity was obtained for the experimental variant R4CSP in which the highest volume fraction of chitosan and the smallest volume fraction of water were used. The textile materials treated with synthesized emulsions based on chitosan- propolis-cinnamon essential oil have antibacterial effect against the S. aureus test strain, with inhibition zones between 1.5 mm (R2CSP and R7CSP) and 4 mm (R6CSP).
Reseda luteola (Weld) extracts were used to dye textiles and decorate medieval manuscripts. The main components are luteolin and apigenin in the form of β-glucosides, having an important role in plant UV protection, coloration and defense. Luteolin and apigenin have anti-oxidant, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. The present study investigates the degree of exhaust of dyestuff extract of Weld in the dyeing process of cotton fabrics premordanted with mimosa tannin and tannin/alum, the antibacterial and UV protective effects of dyed fabrics. The UV-Vis spectra of the dye solution demonstrated the presence of luteolin-7, 3'di-O'-glucoside as the main compound. The highest dye exhaustion in the dye bath is attained for the cotton pre-mordanted with 8% Mimosa and 15% Alum, probably due to the complex formed between the flavonoids components and Al 3+ ions. While the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) for the untreated cotton knit is 10, indicating the lack of protection against UV radiation, all the mordanted and dyed fabrics show an excellent protection (UPF >50+) due to the UV high absorbance of tannins and Reseda luteola components. The only samples demonstrating a satisfactory antibacterial effect against S. Aureus are the fabrics pre-mordanted with mimosa tannin and alum and dyed with Reseda luteola extract.
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